Maria Erokhova, mofuputsi e monyane, lefapha la mafu a litapole le lijalo tsa meroho, FGBNU VNII phytopathology
Maria Kuznetsova, Hlooho Lefapha, Lefapha la Litapole le Mafu a Lijalo tsa Meroho, FGBNU VNII Phytopathologistsи
Boemo ho potoloha le lefats'e ka ts'ebeliso ea li-suppressant tsa ho mela, haholo-holo le chlorprofam, e ntse e fetoha butle-butle. Linaheng tsa EU, kamora ho phatlalatsoa ha tlaleho ea European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) mabapi le chlorprofam (CIPC), ts'ebeliso ea ntho ena e ne e hanetsoe.
Mabapi le taba ena, ho ile ha hlaha potso ea ho nchafatsa litsi tsa polokelo ea litapole ho tse ling tse thibelang ho mela. Mohlala: UK, chlorprofam, ho latela AHDB (Boto ea Nts'etsopele ea Temo le Temo), e sebelisitsoe libakeng tse fetang 85% tsa polokelo ea litapole. Thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea eona e qalile ho sebetsa January 8 2020 lilemo, beng ba libaka tsa polokelo ba tobane le tlhoko ea ho hloekisa polokelo ea litapole mesaletsa ea ntho ena, mme sena ha se mosebetsi o bonolo.
Phuputso e hlophisitsoeng ke AHDB e netefalitse hore konkreite e khona ho kenella ho CIPC: masalla a chlorprofam le 3-chloraniline (3-CA) ea metabolite e ts'oaroe ka likamoreng tsohle moo sesebelisoa sena sa khatello ea ho mela se sebelisitsoeng, ho sa tsotelehe bongata ba ntho e sebelisitsoeng le palo ea liphekolo.
Lekhotla la Nts'etsopele ea Temo le Temo ea Temo le thehile melaoana ea mantlha eo beng ba polokelo ba lokelang ho tataisoa ke eona ha ba hloekisa molemong oa ho fokotsa kotsi ea kabo ea chlorprofam polokelong ea litapole, hape le ho fokotsa palo ea phytopathogen inoculum. :
- Li-storage tsohle tseo chlorprofam e neng e sebelisoa ho tsona li tlameha ho hloekisoa ka nako e loketseng, ka ho khetheha hang kamora hore moaho o tlosoe methapo ea litapole ea kotulo ea selemo se fetileng.
- Polokelo e lokela ho hloekisoa ho latela mehato e hlokahalang ea polokeho: o hloka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa hau tsa ts'ireletso le ho ba hlokolosi ha o etsa mosebetsi libakeng tse phahameng.
- Hoa hlokahala ho boloka ngoliso e ngotsoeng ea mesebetsi eohle ea ho hloekisa e etsoang, e tsamaeang le linepe (linepe li lokela ho bontša hore na li hloekisitsoe joang, joang le neng). Moreki oa litapole a ka kopa litokomane tse netefatsang mesebetsi ea ho hloekisa.
- Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa e ommeng e lokela ho khethoa. Ho hlokahala hore u sebelise metsi feela maemong ao ho hloekisa ho omileng ho sa khoneheng kapa ho sa lekaneng. Ka ho hloekisa metsi, ho hlokahala ho tlosa metsi a mangata, ho qoba tšilafalo ea tikoloho.
- Mesebetsi ea ho hloekisa e lokela ho etsoa ka hloko ho qoba ho ajoa bocha ha chlorprofam. Lintho tse hlephileng li lokela ho hloekisoa kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, ka mokhoa o khethehileng ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa. Ts'ebeliso ea mafielo le mafielo e lebisa ho hasaneng ha lerōle, le tlatsetsang ho ajoeng bocha ba mesaletsa ea chlorprofam holima bokaholimo.
- Ts'ebetso ea polokelo e lokela ho etsoa ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase (ke hore ho tloha marulelong ho ea mokatong).
- Chlorprofam ke komporo e mahareng e sa tsitsang, kahoo haeba lebenkele le sa sebelisoe bakeng sa ho boloka litapole, ho hlokahala hore ho siuoe mamati le lithupa li butsoe ho kenya moea ka phapusing. Lipeipi tsa moea o kenang moea li tlameha ho ba le moea o kenang hantle ka moea o kenang kapa ka moea oa tlhaho.
- Moo ho khonehang, lithōle tse ommeng li lokela ho tlosoa pele, ebe lintho tse hlephileng li lokela ho tlosoa moeeng o hloekileng ho lumella letsatsi (UV), pula, moea le mocheso ho tlosa chlorprofam.
- Nakong ea ho hloekisa, tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho lefuoa libakeng tse nang le ts'ilafalo e phahameng ea chlorprofam.
Hape, litsebi tsa Europe tsa Bohlokoa ba Litapole li hlahisitse "Litaelo tsa ho kenya tšebetsong mehato ea ho hloekisa sebaka sa polokelo molemong oa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea eona le chlorprofam" ka mokhoa oa infographics (Setšoantšo sa 1).
Empa ho hloekisa meaho e ntse e se bothata bo boholo ba indasteri. Khetho ea sebaka sa chlorprofam e thata haholo.
Ho latela AHDB, hajoale UK e lumelloa ho etsa kopo joalo ka khatello ea ho mela ha maleic acid hydrazide, oli ea peppermint le ethylene.
Hopola hore maleic acid hydrazide esale e sebelisoa e le khatello ea maikutlo UK ho tloha ka nako eo Lilemo tse 1985. Eena e sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea limela tse jang limela nakong ea kholo ea tsona e mafolofolo libeke tse hlano pele ho ts'oaetso kapa pele tlhaho e shoa ka holim'a litlhoro. Maleic acid hydrazide e thibela ho arohana ha sele. E kenngoa ke makhasi ebe e abeloa hape ho li-tubers. Tabeng ena, boholo ba lisebelisoa tse setseng tsa maleic acid hydrazide sehlahisoa sa ho qetela ha lia lokela ho feta 50 mg / kg.
Katleho ea ts'ebeliso ea maleic acid hydrazide e ipapisitse le nako ea kalafo: ts'ebeliso e sa le pele haholo e ka fokotsa boleng ba sejalo, e se e le morao haholo - e tla fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea khatello. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse seo maleic acid e hydrazide e sebelisitsoeng hantle bakeng sa polokelo ea litapole nako e khuts'oane: kotsi ea ho mela ntlheng ena e tlase. Litsebi li hlokomela hore kalafo ea maleic acid hydrazide, ha e ntse e boloka mocheso setsing sa polokelo ho 7-10 ° C, e entse hore ho khonehe ho thibela ho mela ha litapole tse reretsoeng ho sebetsoa likhoeli tse 2-4.
Ethylene e sebelisoa ka mafolofolo polokelong ea litapole tsa tafoleng (maemong a batang haholo, tlase ho 5 ° C). Empa ho boloka boleng ba lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho sebetsoa, khatello ena e sebelisoa khafetsa: litsebi li lumela hore ho joalo e ka baka ho fifala ha nama ea likhase tsa litapole ha e hadikwa.
Bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho mela ha li-tubers mefuteng e ntseng e ea sebetsa, litsebi tsa Borithane li khothaletsa ho kopanya kalafo le maleic acid hydrazide le kalafo oli ea peppermint le ethylene. Le ha ho ntse ho batloa thekenoloji e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ea ho etsa kalafo e kopaneng le li-suppressant ho ntse ho tsoela pele.
Lekhotla la Nts'etsopele ea Temo le Temo ea Temo le sebetsa ka mafolofolo ho thusa lihoai ho fumana li-suppressing tsa ho mela ho nkela chlorprofam sebaka.
Ka ho khetheha, ho se ho qaliloe lethathamo la li-webinars tse nang le lihlooho, Storage Webinars, moo litsebi li buang ka likarolo tsa mefuta e meng ea khatello ea ho mela. Ntle le moo, UK Storage Network e fana ka mahala (bakeng sa balemi ba litapole ba lefang setho sa AHDB) boeletsi ba litsebi mabapi le leano la polokelo ea litapole tse se nang li-chlorprofam.
Russia, ts'ebeliso ea chlorprofam ha e e-so thibeloe, empa maemo a ka fetoha, mme maemong ao lihoai tsa Russia li tla tobana le mathata a tebileng ho feta a Borithane. Ho latela "Directory ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana le li-agrochemicals tse lumelletsoeng ho sebelisoa Russia Federation" bakeng sa 2020, maleic acid hydrazide e lumelletsoe ho sebelisoa mabenkeleng a litapole le meroho, empa mefuta ea litlhare tsa lapeng e fokotsehile haholo ho feta UK.
Ka kakaretso, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore ts'ebeliso ea li-suppressant sebakeng sa polokelo ea litapole e ka fokotsoa ka ho latela melaoana e tsebahalang ea sistimi e kopaneng ea ho holisa litapole.