Mefuta e mecha ea litapole, mahlale a ho sireletsa limela ho tsoa ho mafu le tse senyang lijalo li ile tsa hlahisoa seminareng ea lipatlisiso le tlhahiso Setsing sa Lipatlisiso sa Lirapa sa South Ural sa Horticulture le Potato Growing (YUNIISK) se Chelyabinsk. Batsamaisi le basebetsi ba setsi ba buile ka liphetho tse ncha tsa ho ikatisa litapole.
Seminara e ne e tsenetswe ke bodiragatsi Motlatsi oa Pele oa Letona la Temo ea Setereke sa Chelyabinsk Alexander Zavalishchin le hlooho ea lefapha la tlhahiso ea lijalo le mefuta e nyane ea temo ea Lekala la Temo la setereke Yuri Zasypkin, hlooho e sa tsoa khethoa ea YuUNIISK - lekala la Ural Federal Agrarian Research. Setsi sa Lekala la Ural la Setsi sa Saense sa Ural Agrarian Nikolai Glaz, hammoho le baemeli ba lik'hamphani tse fanang ka lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea limela, litsi tsa mahlale tsa libaka tsa Sverdlovsk le Orenburg, litsebi tsa temo ea li-agronomists tsa likhoebo tse holisang litapole tsa South Ural.
Ha a bula seminar, Alexander Zavalishchin o ile a hlokomela hore kajeno sebaka sa Chelyabinsk se fihletse katleho e ntle tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo, haholo-holo likhoho le nama ea kolobe - boemong ba libaka tsa Russia, e lula sebakeng sa bobeli le sa botšelela, ka ho latellana. Sebaka sena se boetse se bonts'a litholoana tse ntle ts'ebetsong ea lijo-thollo le ho lema peo ea oli. Litapole li boetse li lengoa ka bongata bo boholo, likhoebong tse kopaneng le malapeng.
"Ka selemo sa 2018, mekhatlo e lemang litapole le mapolasi feela a ile a hola mme a kotula lithane tse likete tse 146 tsa litapole," ho boletse molaoli ea sebetsang. Motlatsi oa Letona la Pele, - lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng ke kotulo e ntle haholo sebakeng sena. Ho palo ena, lithane tse likete tse 40 tsa litapole li romelloa kantle ho naha hore li rekisoe kantle ho sebaka seo. Ka ho eketseha ha lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa, bahlahisi ba tobane le bothata ba ho rekisa lihlahisoa tsena kaofela. Sena se bolela hore bareki le liketane tsa mabenkele ha ba khotsofatsoe ke ntho e itseng. Hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba boemo ba 'maraka, litlhoko tsa khoebo le ho etsa kopo ho bo-rasaense ho theha mefuta e sa tšoaneng e hlokahalang' marakeng.
Hlooho ea Setsi, Mokhethoa oa Saense ea Temo, o buile ka mefuta e mecha ea litapole e hlahisitsoeng SUNIISC mme e ntse e etsoa liteko tsa mefuta ea mmuso kajeno. Nikolay Glaz :
- Tataiso e ts'episang bakeng sa rona ke ho theha mefuta e fapaneng e loketseng ts'ebetso ea indasteri. Hajoale, mofuta oa litapole oa Zakhar o ntse o lekoa ke liteko tsa mmuso mme o bonts'a liphetho tse ntle tsa pele. Re tšepa hore ho latela liphetho tsa teko ea 2020, mefuta ena e tla aroloa ka libaka. Mofuta oa litapole oa Kashtak, mofuta o matla, o ile oa tlisoa tlhahlobo ea mmuso ka 2018.
Ka 2019, mofuta o mocha o hananang le mofets'e le nematode, tlasa lebitso le sebetsang "Albatross" Mofuta ona o na le chai ya ditone tse 50 ka hektare, diteng tsa starch tsa diphesente tse 18, le tatso e ntle haholo. Litefiso tse phahameng tsa ho hanyetsa mafu le bophelo bo botle ba sethala nakong ea polokelo.
E 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ho ikatisa ea sejoale-joale ke ho theha mefuta e mengata e nang le makhasi a mebala, Nikolai Glaz a tsoela pele. - E 'ngoe ea lisampole tsena e reriloe hore e romeloe bakeng sa tlhahlobo haufinyane. Liphihlello tsa setsi sa ho hōlisa litapole ke thahasello e kholo ho baahi ba sebaka sa Chelyabinsk. Bareki ba ananela litšoaneleho tse phahameng tsa tatso ea mefuta ea rona. Ho boloka litšoaneleho tse phahameng tsa peo ea litapole tse lenngoeng ho netefatsoa ka pholiso ea meristem le tlhahiso ea peo ea mantlha.
Har'a mefuta e fapaneng e hlahisitsoeng SKNIISK lilemong tsa morao tjena le ho etsa liteko tsa mefuta-futa ea mmuso, ho bohlokoa ho bua ka Kuzovok, Braslet, Kavaler, Itsil. Mefuta ena e behiloe e le e hanyetsanang le mafu le paballo e ntle.
Kajeno, likhoebo tse lemang litapole haholo-holo li lema litapole tsa mefuta ea Nevsky - karolo e fetang halofo ea kakaretso ea limela tsa indasteri sebakeng sa Chelyabinsk - lihekthere tse 1549. Mefuta e fapaneng e hlahisitsoeng ke YUNIISK e nka karolo e itekanetseng - mefuta ea Tarasov - lihekthere tse 22, mofuta oa Spiridon - lihekthere tse 5 feela. Palo eohle ea mefuta e ntseng e lengoa kajeno sebakeng sa Chelyabinsk ke 25, eo ho eona mefuta e mehlano feela e behiloeng bakeng sa ho lengoa sebakeng sa Southern Urals. Ho phaella ho Nevsky, limela tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li tšoaretsoe ke mefuta ea Romano le Rosara, ea khetho ea Madache le ea Sejeremane, ka ho latellana.
Hlooho ea lefapha la tlhahiso ea lijalo le mefuta e nyane ea temo ea Lekala la Temo ea setereke, Yuri Zasypkin, o boletse puong ea hae hore hoa hlokahala ho eketsa tlhahiso ea peo ea litapole. O ile a hlokomela hore selemong se fetileng Setsi sa South Ural of Horticulture le Potato Growing se ile sa hlophisoa bocha ka ho ikopanya le lekala la Ural Agricultural Research Center 'me, mabapi le sena, se ile sa fumana tšusumetso e ncha bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng.
"Ho ea ka tekano ea bolepi, lithane tse ka bang likete tse 2019 tsa litapole li tla lengoa likhoebong tsa temo ka 120," ho boletse Yuri Zasypkin. - Moqolo ona o lekane ho fana ka sebaka sa sechaba le baahi ba sebaka seo, ho nahanela lihlahisoa tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. Tlhahiso ea litapole e tsepamisitsoe haholo-holo libakeng tse haufi le Chelyabinsk - tsena ke litereke tsa Argayashsky, Sosnovsky le Krasnoarmeysky. Li nka karolo e fetang 75% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea litapole sebakeng seo. Ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng libaka tse kholo tlas'a litapole ho JSC Agricultural Enterprise "Krasnoarmeyskoe" (lihekthere tse 400), Khoebo ea Temo ea Temo "Chernovskoy" (lihekthere tse 400), Peasant Farm Mursalov - (270 hectares), OJSC "Sovkhoz Akbashevsky" (250 hectares). Sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa ho lema litapole se polasing ea lihoai ea Makhmadov - lihekthere tse fetang 600; polasi ena le eona kajeno ke molekane oa setsi sa rona sa ho lema litapole.
Yuri Zasypkin o ile a bolella barupeluoa ba semina ka botlalo mabapi le tšehetso ea hajoale ea mmuso bakeng sa likhoebo tse lemang litapole. Balemi ba litapole ba ka nka monyetla ka tšehetso e sa amaneng: ka selemo sa 2019, tekanyetso ea tikoloho e ile ea abela li-ruble tse limilione tse 23 bakeng sa ho lema litapole tsa peo le meroho e bulehileng, le limilione tse 35 bakeng sa ho lema litapole tsa lijo le peo ea oli. Ho tšehetsa tlhahiso ea peo e phahameng - li-ruble tse limilione tse 101. Ho phaella moo, tekanyetso e fana ka tšehetso ea mmuso bakeng sa ho reka mechine ea temo ka chelete ea selemo ea li-ruble tse limilione tse 200, lithuso bakeng sa kaho ea mehaho ea temo, mohlala, libaka tsa polokelo ea litapole, ka chelete ea li-ruble tse limilione tse 115. Kakaretso ea ts'ehetso ea mmuso bakeng sa ho reka menontsha ea liminerale ke li-ruble tse limilione tse 40, bakeng sa ho khutlisa mobu o lemehang ho tlhahiso ea temo - li-ruble tse limilione tse 30.
Nakong ea seminar, sehlooho sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sa ho sireletsa litapole ho tsoa maloetseng a sa tšoaneng se ile sa phahamisoa: blight ea morao, nematodes, Alternaria blight le tse ling. Lyudmila Kuznetsova, moemeli oa sebaka sa k'hamphani sebakeng sa Chelyabinsk, o tlalehile ka lithethefatsi tsa Bayer tse hanyetsang maloetse ka katleho. O buile ka li-fungicides tse sebetsang hantle khahlanong le mefuta eohle ea maloetse a litapole, hammoho le khahlanong le mofoka.
Ksenia Vanina, hlooho ea lefapha la ts'ireletso ea limela lekaleng la Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" Seterekeng sa Chelyabinsk, o bolelletse barupeluoa ba semina ka boemo ba phytosanitary ea ho lema litapole Urals Boroa ka 2019. Har'a libui ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le motlatsi oa hlooho ea Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (Ekaterinburg), mokhethoa oa saense ea temo Alexander Shanin.
O buile ka boemo ba ho ikatisa litapole Seterekeng sa Ural Federal le Russia ka kakaretso. Ngaka ea Saense ea Temo Alexander Mushinsky, hlooho ea lefapha la ho lema litapole la Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, o boleletse bamameli ka liphetho tsa liteko tse fapaneng tsa litapole tse khethiloeng ke YuUNIISK sebakeng sa steppe sa Sebaka sa Orenburg.
E le karolo ea semina, barupeluoa ba eona ba ile ba etela libaka tsa liteko masimong a SUNIISC, moo ba ileng ba hlahloba liteko tsa ho lema mefuta e fapaneng ea litapole le lijana tse latsoang tse lokiselitsoeng ho tsoa litapole tsena.
Tobetsa bohareng Lekala la Temo
Chelyabinsk sebakeng