Setereke sa 'Muso sa Caucasian Leboea se kenyelletsa lihlooho tse 7 tsa mokhatlo ona:
• Rephabliki ea Dagestan,
• Rephabliki ea Ingushetia,
• Rephabliki ea Kabardino-Balkarian,
• Rephabliki ea Karachay-Cherkess,
• Rephabliki ea North Ossetia - Alania,
• Rephabliki ea Chechen,
• Sebaka sa Stavropol.
Territory: Likete tse 172,4 sq. km.
Baahi: Batho ba 9 967 301, bao 49, 91% ea bona e leng baahi ba libaka tsa mahaeng.
Boemo ba sebaka: karolong e ka boroa ea karolo ea Europe ea Russia, likarolo tse bohareng le tse ka bochabela tsa North Caucasus.
Mocheso: lithoteng - continental, omileng. Lithabeng - ho feta tekano le mongobo, lithabeng - ho pholile ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, ka lijaneng - ho futhumala. Mariha ha a na lehloa, lehlabula le omme ebile lea chesa. Ka karolelano mocheso oa January ke -3,2 ° C (ho fihlela -10 ° C lithabeng), +20,4 ° C ka July (ho fihlela ho +14 ° C lithabeng). Pula ke limilimithara tse 300-500 ka selemo (mahoatateng), sebakeng sa maralla - ho feta limilimithara tse 600.
Liphallelo: boholo ba sebaka seo se tšoaretsoe ke sebaka sa steppe (karolong e ka leboea le e bohareng ea setereke). Sebaka sa maralla se ka boroa 'me se tloha ka leboea-bophirimela ho ea ka boroa-bochabela, butle-butle se fetoha lithaba tsa lithaba tsa Caucasus.
Mobu: 26% - mobu oa li-chestnut le li-complexes, mobu oa meadow-chestnut, ho feta 25% - mobu oa chernozems le meadow-chernozem. Ho feta 6%
lula mobung oa meadow, haholo-holo solonetsous le solonchakous, ho feta 4% - sootho le meadow-brown, e 'ngoe 3% - floodplain
mobu. Lehlabathe le etsa karolo e fetang 4% ea sebaka sa setereke, solonetzes le solonchaks - ho feta 1%. Ho feta 7% ea sekoahelo sa mobu se emeloa ke burozems, ho feta 20% - ke mobu oa lithaba le lithaba-meadow-steppe (data e tsoang ho System Information "Soil Geographical Database of Russia").
Sebaka sa temo: 3153847 ha.
Temo - e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa moruo oa setereke (sebaka sa bone har'a litereke tsa Russia Federation ka tlhahiso ea meroho, lijo-thollo.
le legumes: hoo e ka bang 15,6% ea meroho, 10% ea lijo-thollo le linaoa, 4,7% ea litapole le li-beet tse tsoekere).
Пmaemo a leholimo a ochvenno e ntle bakeng sa ho lema litapole. Ho pholletsa le sebaka seo, hoa khoneha ho fumana lijalo tse peli ka nako ea selemo. Mathata a mantlha a sitisang nts'etsopele ea litapole Seterekeng sa Federale sa Caucasus ke: khaello ea lipeo tsa boleng bo holimo tsa mefuta e fapaneng, khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale, le khaello ea libaka tsa polokelo.
REPABOLISE DAGESTAN
Sebaka: 50,27 likete sq. km
E lutse matsoapong a ka leboea-bochabela ho Greater Caucasus le karolo ea mabalane a Caspian, karolo ea 67% ea sebaka seo e hapiloe ke mobu oa temo.
Tsoelo-pele ea temo e laola haholo tsela ea bophelo ea batho ba fetang halofo ea baahi: hoo e ka bang 55% ea baahi ba lula naheng eo.
mahaeng.
Litapole tsa Dagestan li lengoa libakeng tsohle tsa tlhaho le tsa tlelaemete, ho tloha libakeng tse matsoapong a lithaba tse phahameng tse fihlang ho 2500.
limithara ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, ho ea lithoteng tsa Caspian tse ka tlaase ho bophahamo ba leoatle la lefatše (-28 m).
Tlhahiso ea hoo e ka bang 98% ea litapole e tsepamisitsoe libakeng tse ling tsa batho. Selemo se seng le se seng, tlas'a temo ea lijalo tsena ka
hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse likete tse 19 li abeloa rephabliki (mapolasing a lihlopha tsohle). Ka la 1 Mphalane 2021, litapole li ne li kotuloa ho tsoa ho lihekthere tse likete tse 18,1 rephabliking,
Lithane tse likete tse 339,4 li ile tsa chekoa ka lihlahisoa tsa 187 centner ka hektare.
Libaka tse ka sehloohong tse lemang litapole ke Levashinsky (lihekthere tse fetang likete tse 3 tlas'a litapole), Akushinsky (lihekthere tse likete tse 2,1), Khasavyurtovsky (lihekthere tse 1430).
le Buynaksky (1280 ha).
Lefapheng le hlophisitsoeng, lihekthere tse 2021 tsa mobu o lemehang li abetsoe ho lema litapole ka 400. Ho ea ka litsebi tsa Lekala la Temo le Lijo
Dagestan, bakeng sa ho lema semela sena libakeng tse kholo, ho hlokahala matsete a mangata, hammoho le ho fumaneha ha lisebelisoa tse khethehileng. Ho matlafatsa katoloso ea libaka tse lemang litapole, lefapha le ikemiselitse ho fana ka karolo ea litšenyehelo tsa metjhini e rekiloeng ea temo.
Tšitiso e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea ho lema litapole rephaboliking hape ke khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lema tsa boleng bo holimo. Mobu le maemo a leholimo a Dagestan a loketse bakeng sa ho lema litapole tsa peo, ho kenyelletsa le mokhatlo oa tlhahiso ea peo ea mantlha ntle le kokoana-hloko. Empa leha palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lema e fihla rephaboliking e tsoang libakeng tse ling tsa Russia Federation, hangata ke ea boleng bo tlase le mefuta e sa tsitsang, e amang chai le pokello.
Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore boholo ba linaha tsa rephabliki, haholo-holo mobu o ka lengoang, li sebakeng sa mongobo o sa lekaneng, moo ho leng thata ho etsa mesebetsi ea temo ntle le ho nosetsa. Ho ea ka Lefapha la Tlhahlobo ea Tsamaiso ea Lekhotla la Federation (Analytical Bulletin No. 4 (764), Dagestan ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa histori.
temo e nosetsoang, e etsang karolo ea 10% ea mobu o nosetsoang oa Russia Federation. Sebaka sohle sa mobu o nosetsoang rephaboliki ke lihekthere tse likete tse 396. Kajeno, hoo e ka bang 70% ea tlhahiso ea lijalo ea rephaboliki e hlahisoa
masimong a nosetsoang. Lihlahisoa tsa litapole tse hōlileng tlas'a nosetso li fihla ho 60-70 t / ha.
Ho ea ka Dagestanstat (Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Dagestan), ka mekhahlelo eohle ea mapolasi:
Год | 2018 | 1019 | 2020 |
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 19818 | 18972 | 18000 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 356,2 | 353,4 | 357,0 |
tlhahiso, c.ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 186,2 |
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
Limithara tse likete tse 12,5 Km
E lutse mesikong e ka leboea ea karolo e bohareng ea Caucasus le thoteng e haufi. Mapolasi a nka hoo e ka bang 55,8% ea sebaka seo. Tataiso e kholo ea tlhahiso ea lijalo ke temo ea lijo-thollo le lijalo tsa linaoa.
Mefuta e meholo ea tlhahiso e tsepamisitsoe literekeng tsa Zolsky, Prokhladnensky, Baksansky, Maysky le Tersky. Ho ea ka Lekala la Temo la Kabardino-Balkaria, hoo e ka bang 52% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso e oela lefapheng la indasteri le 48% mapolasing a ikemetseng.
Ka 2021, ka la 1 October, ka lebaka la maemo a thata a leholimo, lijalo li ile tsa kotuloa ho tloha ho lihekthere tse likete tse 6,3 feela (mapolasing a lihlopha tsohle), 110.
lithane tse likete tsa lihlahisoa tse nang le lihlahisoa tsa 173 q/ha. Mekhatlo ea temo le mapolasi a batho ba futsanehileng a ile a kotula litapole sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 4, kotulo e kholo e fihlile ho lithane tse likete tse 0,02 ka chai ea li-centner tse 0,7 ka hektare.
Mobu le maemo a leholimo (mocheso, mongobo, pula, ho se ata ha bajari ba mafu a kokoana-hloko, joalo-joalo) libakeng tse lithaba le lithaba tsa rephabliki li nkoa e le tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ho lema litapole tsa peo.
Ho latela Severo-Kavkazstat (Lefapha la Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ho la Kabardino-Balkaria:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 8400 | 8300 | 7900 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | - | 235,5 | 236,1 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 2500 | 2800 | 2500 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 87,9 | 103,8 | 93,4 |
Khetho le tlhahiso ea peo ea litapole ke libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa mosebetsi oa Setsi sa Temo sa KBSC RAS. Bo-rasaense ba Setsi hammoho le Federal Research Center bakeng sa litapole ba reheletsoeng ka A.G. Lorkha (Moscow) ba kopanela pōpong le ho kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata e hlahisang lihlahisoa tsa temo sebakeng seo. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi o kopanetsoeng lilemong tsa morao tjena, mefuta e mehlano ea litapole e hlahile, e ikamahanya le maemo
mobu oa lehae le maemo a leholimo a nang le chai ea lithane tse 30-35 ka hektare: Goryanka, Nart-1, Zolsky, Musinsky le Nalchik. Kaofela ha tsona li kenyelelitsoe ho Rejistara ea Naha ea Katleho ea Tsoelo-pele ea Russia Federation.
Mohlahisi e moholo oa litapole tsa peo Kabardino-Balkaria ke Khampani ea Potato ea Zolsky.
Ho lebisoa tlhokomelo e kholo rephabliking ho nts'etsopele ea ho khutlisa mobu.
KARACHAYEV-CIRCASSIAN REPUBLIC
Limithara tse likete tse 14,3 Km
E fumaneha mosikong oa lithaba tsa leboea-bophirima ho Caucasus. Kabelo ea baahi ba mahaeng ke 57,7%.
Rephaboliki ea Karachay-Cherkess e fapane haholo le libaka tse ling tsa North Caucasus ho latela sebopeho sa sebaka sa mobu, kaha
ka tlase ho halofo ea sebaka se loketse temo - lihekthere tse likete tse 786,9. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mobu o lemehang o nka lihekthere tse likete tse 155 feela, kapa 26,6% ea mobu oa temo.
Tlhahiso e kholo ea litapole e tsepamisitsoe malapeng.
Ka 2021, lihekthere tse 7441 li hapiloe ke litapole Karachay-Cherkessia, tseo lihekthere tse 6063 li leng malapeng, lihekthere tse 936 li mapolasing a batho ba futsanehileng, le lihekthere tse 442 li le mekhatlong ea temo. Ka la 1 October, lijalo li ile tsa kotuloa ho tloha lihekthere tse 6245, lithane tse likete tse 79,6 tsa lihlahisoa li ile tsa amoheloa ka lihlahisoa tsa 127,4 centner ka hektare.
REPUBLIC OF LEBOEA OSSETIA - ALANIA
Limithara tse likete tse 8 Km
E fumaneha karolong e bohareng ea North Caucasus. Mobu oa temo ke lihekthere tse likete tse 297,5, e leng mobu o lemehang
- lihekthere tse likete tse 183,7.
Lijalo tse ka sehloohong tsa temo tse lengoang rephabliking ke lijo-thollo le limela tsa linaoa, hammoho le litapole.
Sehla sa 2021 se ne se le boima bakeng sa North Ossetia, ka lebaka la maemo a leholimo, lihoai li ile tsa tlameha ho fetola matsatsi a kotulo haholo. Ho feta moo, ho
Ho ile ha e-ba le khaello e khōlō ea basebetsi sebakeng seo. Ka lebaka leo, ka la 1 Mphalane, mapolasing a mefuta eohle, litapole li ne li kotuloa sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 2,2.
Ha, lithane tse likete tse 34,6 li kotutsoe ka tlhahiso ea 157,1 q/ha. Molumo o lebelletsoeng oa pokello ke lithane tse likete tse 96,2. Lefapheng la indasteri, litapole li kotuloa
ho tloha sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 0,2, lithane tse likete tse 3,5 li ile tsa kotuloa ka lihlahisoa tsa 226,8 q/ha.
Sehleng se tlang, ho latela ponelopele ea Lekala la Temo le Lijo la Rephabliki, sebaka sa masimo a litapole se tla eketsoa ka lihekthere tse 900, tse tla thusa ho fokotsa litheko tsa lihlahisoa sebakeng seo.
North Ossetia ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse etelletseng pele Russia ka tlhahiso ea litapole tsa peo. Fat-Agro LLC ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa lihlahisoa tsa peo ea litapole tse se nang kokoana-hloko tsa mefuta e phahameng ea khetho ea malapeng le kantle ho naha. Palo ea lihlahisoa tsa peo e hlahisoang ke Fat-Agro LLC e feta litlhoko tsa rephaboliki, ka hona, li-microplant, li-microtubers, li-minitubers, tse phahameng le lipeo tsa tlhahiso ea pele li rekisoa ke khoebo ka hare ho naha le kantle ho naha. Tlhahiso ea ho tsoala
peo ea litapole rephaboliking e boetse e kopanela Kadgaron-Agro LLC.
Ho tsosolosoa ha mobu ho ntse ho tsoela pele sebakeng seo, ka 2021 ho reriloe ho kenya tšebetsong lihekthere tse fetang likete tse 2 tsa mobu o nosetsoang.
REPABOLISE INGUSHETIA
Limithara tse likete tse 3,6 Km
E fumaneha matsoapong a ka leboea a maralla a Greater Caucasus Range (karolong ea eona e bohareng) le matsoapong a haufi a haufi.
lithapo - Tersky, Sunzhensky le Skalist.
Ho latela Severo-Kavkazstat (Lefapha la Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), Rephaboliking ea Karachay-Cherkess:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 8700 | 7800 | 7900 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | 123,8 | 107,9 | 104,9 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 500 | 200 | 200 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 4,0 | 3,4 | 1,7 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 0,286 |
Bongata ba baahi (57,5%) ba lula mahaeng.
Kakaretso ea sebaka sa mobu oa temo Ingushetia ke lihekthere tse fetang likete tse 150, tseo hoo e ka bang halofo ea tsona e le mobu o lemehang. Rephaboliki e sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho lema lijalo tsa lijo-thollo (koro, buckwheat, joalo-joalo), soneblomo, meroho le litapole.
Ka 2021, sebaka se lenngoeng ka litapole mapolasing a mekhahlelo eohle e ne e le lihekthere tse likete tse 3,7.
Ho latela Severo-Kavkazstat (Lefapha la Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 5000 | 4300 | 4100 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | 99,3 | 89,2 | 96,1 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 2800 | 2400 | 1100 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 32,9 | 26,9 | - |
Ho latela Severo-Kavkazstat (Lefapha la Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), in Ingushetia:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 3100 | 3000 | 2700 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | 37,3 | 33,0 | 30,2 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 703 | 750 | 500 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 4,0 | 0,4 | 0,2 |
CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Limithara tse likete tse 16,1 Km
E lutse matsoapong a ka leboea a Greater Caucasus, hammoho le matsoapo le lithota tse haufi. Bongata ba baahi (63,6%) baa phela
mahaeng. Ka sebopeho sa mobu oa temo, mobu o lemehang o nka lihekthere tse 14. Temo ea litapole e etsoa libakeng tsohle tse lithaba.
Ho ea ka Lekala la Temo la Rephabliki ea Chechen, ka 2020, lihekthere tse 600 li ile tsa abeloa litapole lekaleng la indasteri.
Hangata sebaka sena se na le komello, ka hona, se lebisa tlhokomelo e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea melioration. Ka 2021, Rephaboliki ea Chechen e rera ho tsamaisa lihekthere tse 3 tsa mobu o nosetsoang, hammoho le lihekthere tse 820 tsa mobu oa temo o seng o tlohetse mosebetsi.
Ho ea ka Chechenstat (Sehlopha sa Naha sa Federal State Statistics Service bakeng sa Rephabliki ea Chechen):
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle: | |||
sebaka se jalotsoeng tlas'a litapole le mahapu a meroho, ha | 12600 | 13600 | 11700 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 32,1 | 32,7 | 38,7 |
tlhahiso, bohareng/ha | 100,4 | 99,9 | 94,5 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jalotsoeng tlas'a litapole le mahapu a meroho, ha | 5600 | 6500 | 4300 |
Ho latela Severo-Kavkazstat (Lefapha la Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), Seterekeng sa Stavropol:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mapolasing a mefuta eohle: | |||
sebaka se jalotsoeng tlas'a litapole, ha | 14000 | 13600 | 13100 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 232,5 | 217,6 | 218,0 |
mekhatlong ea temo le mapolasing a batho ba fokolang: | |||
sebaka se jalotsoeng tlas'a litapole le mahapu a meroho, ha | 5000 | 5500 | 5200 |
kotulo e kholo, lithane tse likete | 115,5 | 113,0 | 137,0 |
TLHOKOMELISO STAVROPOL
Limithara tse likete tse 66,5 Km
E fumaneha karolong e bohareng ea Ciscaucasia le letsoapong le ka leboea la Greater Caucasus.
Ke se seng sa libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse hlahisang lijo-thollo naheng ea Russia. Empa e boetse e tumme ka tlhahiso ea meroho (eiee, lihoete, k'habeche, beet, likomkomere, tamati) le litapole. Ba sebetsana le bahlahisi ba temo ba 241 (likhoebo tsa temo tse 45 le mapolasi a 196 a balemi). Likhoebo tsa temo sebakeng sena ke tsona tse hlahisang lijalo tse kang litapole (50%), eiee (46%), lihoete (40%), ha 60% ea li-beet li hlahisoa ke mapolasi a batho ba futsanehileng.
Likhoebo tse kholo tse lemang litapole li fumaneha literekeng tsa Ipatovsky, Predgorny, Krasnogvardeysky le Kirov. Tse tsebahalang haholo sebakeng sena ke mefuta e joalo ka Colomba, Gala, Romano, Red Scarlett.
Ka 2021, litapole li lenngoe lihekthere tse 6 lekaleng la indasteri. Lihoai li ile tsa qala ho kotula mefuta ea morao ea litapole
qetellong ea September, ha boemo ba leholimo bo le botle. Ho ea ka tsamaiso ea temo (mafapha) a litereke tsa masepala le literopo,
Mathoasong a Mphalane, lithane tse likete tse 3,2 tsa litapole li ile tsa kotuloa sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 90,4, ka chai ea 280 q/ha. Ka kakaretso, ho ne ho reriloe ho kotula lithane tse likete tse 2021 tsa litapole ka 138.
E 'ngoe ea maemo a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa a ho eketsa chai ea litapole sebakeng sena ke nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso ea peo e phahameng le ea ho ikatisa.
Meristemnye kultury LLC ke eona feela mokhatlo sebakeng sa Stavropol Territory e sebetsanang le tlhahiso ea peo ea litapole e ipapisitseng le setso sa linama. Khoebo selemo le selemo e hlahisa lithane tse likete tse 1-2 tsa litapole tsa peo tse phahameng haholo. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa ho ikatisa, mefuta e mehlano e mecha e ile ea hlahisoa.
Ntlafatso ea nosetso e nkuoa e le senotlolo sa botsitso ba moruo oa lihoai sebakeng sena.
Selemong sena, merero e mecha ea nosetso e 14 e ntse e kengoa literekeng tse 26 tsa sebaka seo sebakeng sa lihekthere tse fetang 12. Ho fihlela 2024, Sebaka sa Stavropol se rera ho eketsa sebaka sa ho nosetsa ka kakaretso ea lihekthere tse 52. Kahoo, ha ho bapisoa le 2016, sebaka sa ho nosetsa se tla eketseha ka makhetlo a 2,5 - ka lihekthere tse likete tse 73. Mesebetsi ntlheng ena e se e ntse e tsoela pele: bakeng sa 2022, merero e mecha e reriloeng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e se e ntlafalitsoe mme e kentsoe tšebetsong. Ba tla nka sebaka sa lihekthere tse likete tse 11,5.