D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
Fungus ea phytopathogenic Colletotrichum coccode e baka mafu a kotsi litapoleng le litamati tse tsejoang ka hore ke anthracnose le tuber black spot. Ka litšobotsi tsa morphological, hangata ho ba thata ho khetholla ho mafu a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse ling; litholoana tsa langa le le lej tse tala, lefu lena le ka ba le sa bonahaleng, le iponahatsa feela litholoana tse khubelu tse butsoitseng. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e potlakileng le e nepahetseng ea kokoana-hloko, ho fanoa ka sistimi ea nako ea tlhahlobo ea PCR. Ho nts'etsapele sistimi ea liteko, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea tatellano ea nucleotide ea mofuta oa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase oa li-45 C. coccode mefuta e arohaneng le methapo ea litapole libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Russia.
Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tse fumanoeng le tlhahlobo ea tatellano e ts'oanang ea mefuta e meng e fumanehang ho database ea GenBank, li-primers tse ikhethileng tsa mefuta le lipatlisiso tsa C. coccode li entsoe. Ho hlahloba ho khetheha ha sistimi e entsoeng ea liteko, PCR e entsoe ka DNA e arohileng litsong tse hloekileng tsa mefuta e 15 e fapaneng ea likokoana-hloko le saprotrophic fungus e amanang le limela tsa langa le le lej le litapole (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani, coclet ea Colletotrichum Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosporium solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). Boteng ba Colletotrichum coccodes DNA bo ile ba khethoa moeling oa 20-27, ha mefuta e meng e fumanoe kamora lipotoloho tse 40 kapa e sa fumanoe. Sistimi ea liteko e etsa hore ho khonehe ho fumana ka mokhoa o ts'epahalo C. li-coccode DNA tse fetang 0.01 ng / mm3 mokhoeng o hlahlojoang oa PCR. Ho sebelisa sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea liteko, boteng ba C. coccode makhasi a langa le le lej bo nang le matšoao a mafu a fungal le methopong ea litapole ntle le matšoao a kantle a lefu bo ile ba batlisisoa. Makhasi a nang le matšoao a tšoaetso ea fungal a ile a bokelloa ho tsoa masimong a mabeli a fapaneng sebakeng sa Krasnodar, li-tubers - tse tsoang masimong a libaka tsa Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Lekhasi le leng la tamati le nang le C. coccodes DNA le fumanoe Krasnodar Territory; boteng ba bohlokoa ba DNA ea kokoana-hloko ena bo fumanoe ka mehlala e 5 ea li-tubers tse holileng libakeng tsa Kostroma, Moscow le Kaluga.
Selelekela
Li-fungus tsa mofuta oa Colletotrichum ke likokoana-hloko tse kotsi tse amang lijo-thollo, meroho, litlama, litholoana tse sa feleng le limela tsa melee. E 'ngoe ea mefuta e fumanehang hohle ea mofuta ona, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr).
Hughes, ke moemeli oa lisosa tsa anthracnose le letheba le letšo la litapole le tamati, mme o baka mafu a limela tse ling tse 'maloa tsa lelapa la Solanaceae, incl. mofoka (Dillard, 1992). C. coccode e tšoaetsa likarolo tsohle tse ka tlasa lefatše tsa semela, metheo ea kutu, makhasi le litholoana (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). Lekhapetleng la methapo ea litapole e nang le tšoaetso, nts'etsopele ea mabala a bohlooho le likhahla tse sa tsejoeng hantle e ea bonoa, moo matheba a matšo a sporulation le microsclerotia a bonahalang hantle. Nakong ea polokelo, liso tse nang le likateng tse nolofalitsoeng li ka theha makhasi a methapo, ke hore. lefu lena le kena karolong ea anthracnose, eo, leha ho le joalo, e leng e sa tloaelehang haholo.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, matšoao a anthracnose (liso tsa letlalo tse nang le matheba a manyane a matsho) a tloaelehile litholoana tsa langa le le lej. Makhasing, matšoao a C. coccode a bonahala e le matheba a bosootho bo lefifi, hangata a moeling oa 'mele o mosehla (Johnson, 1994).
Nts'etsopele ea letheba le letšo ho li-tubers e senya ponahalo ea bona, e tsebahalang haholo ha ho rekisoa litapole tse hlatsoitsoeng. Ho ntšoa ha likhama ho lebisa ho mouoane o feteletseng le tahlehelo e eketsehileng ea polokelo (Hunger, McIntyre, 1979). Tšenyo ea litho tse ling tsa semela e lebisa tahlehelong ea chai, e ileng ea hlokomeloa tlasa maemo a sebaka se bulehileng le se koetsoeng (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). Mafu a bakoang ke C. coccode a atile hoo e ka bang libakeng tsohle tse hlahisang litapole lefatšeng, ho kenyeletsoa le Russia (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). Tlhokomelo ea mafu ana e thata ka lebaka la ho se sebetse ho lekaneng ha fungicides e teng khahlano le C. coccode le khaello ea mefuta e mangang (Bala, Pata, 1995).
C. coccodes inoculum e ka phehella ho li-tubers tsa peo (Bala, Pata, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), peo ea langa le le lej (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), e phela nako e telele mobung, lithabeng tsa limela (Dillard, 1990) ; Dillard le Cobb, 1993) le lehola (Raid and Pennypacker, 1987). Mesebetsi ea bangoli ba bangata (Bala, Pata, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) li bontšitse hore nts'etsopele ea lefu lena litapoleng le litamati haholoholo e ipapisitse le boteng ba inoculum peo le mobu. Ka hona, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ho tsoa ho lefu lena, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe (ho kenyeletsoa le bongata) li-fungus tsa semela sa peo, mobung, peo ea litapole le peo ea langa le le lej e bolokiloeng. Tlhatlhobo ea morphological mobu le thepa ea limela e ka etsoa feela ka ho ba teng ha microsclerotia, eo, leha ho le joalo, e fumanehang mefuteng e meng ea li-fungus.
Matšoao a li-tubers a tšoana haholo le letlalo la silvery le bakiloeng ke fungus Helminthosporium solani. Ho aroloa ha li-coclet tsa Colletotrichum le Helminthosporium solani moetlong o hloekileng ho thata ebile ho nka nako e telele ka lebaka la kholo e liehang moeeng oa limatlafatsi. Ho tseba kapele Colcotrichum coccode, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe mekhoa ea ho hlahloba. Mokhoa o bonolo ka ho fetisisa ke polymerase chain reaction (PCR) le phetoho ea eona - PCR ea nako ea nnete. Hajoale, sistimi ea liteko e ntlafalitsoeng ke bafuputsi ba Borithane (Cullen et al., 2002) bakeng sa sebaka sa ITS1 sa rDNA e sebelisoa Europe le United States. Ts'ebeliso ea eona e bonts'itse litholoana tse ntle tlhahlobisong ea batho ba arohaneng le Russia (Belov et al, 2018). Leha ho le joalo, C. coccode e fapane haholo 'me ho e fumana ho tsoa tatelanong e le' ngoe ea DNA ho ka lebisa liphellong tse fosahetseng tsa bohata. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tšepahalang haholoanyane, tlhahlobo e ea hlokahala bakeng sa tatellano ea mefuta e ikhethileng ea DNA, mabapi le eo re thehileng sistimi ea tlhahlobo ea mantlha e lumellang ho khetholla C. coccode ka tatellano ea mofuta oa glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Ho lekola katleho le boits'oaro ba litsamaiso tsa liteko tse entsoeng, re sebelisitse litso tse hloekileng tsa mefuta e 15 ea li-fungus tse arohileng ke bangoli ho tsoa mefuteng e kulang ea makhasi a tamati le litholoana, litapole tubers (Tafole 1). Bakeng sa ho itšehla thajana, litho tsa limela tse nang le matšoao a tšoaetso ea fungal li nkuoe, ha ho setho se fetang se le seng sehlahleng.
Sekhechana sa tuber se nang le lekhapetla, selae sa tholoana ea langa le le lej, le lekhasi le amehileng li ile tsa beoa ka tlas'a microscope ea binocular, kamora moo mycelium, spores, kapa sekhechana sa lisele li fetisetsoa setsing sa agar (wort agar) ka sejaneng sa Petri se nang le nale ea ho hlopha. Li-isolates li ne li bolokiloe ho agar slant ka har'a methapo ea liteko ho 4 ° C.
Mehlala ea makhasi a langa le le lej a nang le matšoao a mafu a fungal a reretsoeng ho hlahlojoa hang kamora ho bokelloa (tšimong) a ile a beoa ka 70% ethyl alcohol moo a ileng a bolokoa ho fihlela DNA e itšehla thajana. Litapole tsa litapole li ile tsa tlisoa laboratoring, tsa eboloa (2 × 1 cm sengoathoana) ho tsona, 'me tsa hoamisoa ho -20 ° С. Li bolokiloe li hoamisitsoe ho fihlela DNA e itšehla thajana.
Meetlo e hloekileng ea li-fungus bakeng sa ho itšehla thajana ha DNA e ne e lengoa ka mokelikeli oa lierekisi. Mycelium ea fungus e ile ea tlosoa mokelikeli o mokelikeli, ea omisoa pampiring ea sefahleho, ea hoamisoa ka naetrojene ea metsi, ea homogenized, ea koaheloa ka buffer ea CTAB, ea hloekisoa ka chloroform, ea koaheloa ke motsoako oa isopropanol le 0.5 M potassium acetate, mme ea hlatsuoa habeli ka joala ba 2%. DNA e hlahisitsoeng e ile ea qhibiliha ka metsing a hloekisitsoeng 'me ea bolokoa ho -70 ° С (Kutuzova et al., 20). Khakanyo ea DNA e ile ea metoa ka ts'ebeliso ea tekanyetso ea HS DNA bakeng sa DNA e habeli ka Qubit 2017 (Qiagen, Jeremane). Disampole tse tahiloeng le tse hoammeng li ne li triturated ka naetrojene e metsi, e lateloe ke DNA ho itšehla thajana joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo (bakeng sa mycelium ea litso tse hloekileng tsa fungal).
Tafole ea 1. Tšimoloho ea mefuta ea fungus e sebelisitsoeng
Lebitso la li-mushroom | Semela, setho | Sebaka sa khetho |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | Tuber ea litapole | Sebaka sa Kostroma, li-tubers tsa litapole tsa moloko oa pele oa masimong, temo ea Red Scarlett |
Li-coccode tsa Colletotrichum 4 | lekhasi la litapole | Rep. Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola |
Helminthosporium solani | Tuber ea litapole | Sebaka sa Magadan, pos. Tente, tuber ea litapole |
Cladosporium fulvum | lekhasi la langa le le lej | Sebaka sa Moscow, tamati e nang le litholoana tse kholo |
Alternaria tomatophila | litholoana tsa langa le le lej | nehelanoa ke basebetsi ba laboratori ea mycology le phytopathology ea Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Russia sa Ts'ireletso ea Limela |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | litholoana tsa langa le le lej | Krasnodar Territory, setereke sa Krymsky, Cream grade |
Fusarium oxysporum | motso oa koro | Sebaka sa Moscow |
PCR e ile ea etsoa ho DTprime amplifier (DNA-Technology). Bakeng sa PCR, ho sebelisitsoe li-primers tsa mantlha le sesebelisoa sa mofuta o ikhethileng oa mofuta oa mofuta oa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase: fetisetsa pele Coc70gdf -TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, khutlisetsa primer Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1. Li-primers li holisa sebaka sa 213 bp.
Karabelo e ile ea nka 50 ng ea DNA e felletseng (ha ho hlahlojoa makhasi le li-tubers) le 10 ng (tlhahlobisong ea DNA ea litso tse hloekileng tsa li-fungus). Motsoako oa karabelo (35 μl) o ne o arotsoe ke lera la parafini likarolo tse peli: e ka tlase (20 μl) e na le 2 μl ea 10 × reaction buffer (750 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 200 mM (NH4) 2SO4; 25 mM MgCl2; 0.1% Tween- 20), 0.5 mM ea deoxynucleotide triphosphate ka 'ngoe, 7 pmol ea primer ka' ngoe, le 4 pmol ea sesebelisoa sa fluorescent sa hydrolyzable; e kaholimo e na le 1 μl ea 10 × PCR buffer le 1 U ea Taq polymerase.
Ho aroloa ha motsoako le parafine ho lumella li-tubes hore li bolokoe nako e telele mocheso oa 5 ° C le ho fana ka qalo e chesang ea PCR kamora ho li futhumatsa metsotso e 10 mochesong o kaholimo ho 80 ° C. PCR e entsoe ho latela lenaneo le latelang: 94.0 ° C - 90 s (1 potoloho); 94.0 ° C - 30 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (lipotoloho tse 5); 94.0 ° C - 10 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (lipotoloho tse 45); 10.0 ° C - polokelo.
Liphetho le puisano
Ho latellana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase ho ile ha khethoa ka mefuta e 45 e ikhethileng makhasi, bakoang, methapo ea litapole le litholoana tsa langa le le lej (Kutuzova, 2018) libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Russia. Tatellano e ithutoang ea mefuta eohle e arotsoe ka lihlopha tsa 2 tse fapaneng ka li-nucleotide tse peli. Tatellano ea li-nucleotide ea baemeli ba lihlopha ka bobeli tlasa linomoro tsa KY496634 le KY496635 li kentsoe ho GenBank.
Li-primers coc70gdf, coc280gdr le probe ea cocgdz e raliloeng motheong oa tsona li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lenaneo la BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) ka tatellano eohle ea mofuta oa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase oa mefuta ea mofuta oa Colletotrichum le lintho tse ling tse fumanehang ho database ea GenBank.
Ha ho libaka tsa DNA tsa lintho tse ling tse rorisang 'mele le lipatlisiso tse fumanoeng.
Kutloisiso ea sistimi ea liteko e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lisampole tse nang le likhakanyo tse fapaneng tsa C. coccodes DNA, DNA ea lekhasi la litapole le tšoaelitsoeng ke anthracnose (e bokelletsoeng ka 2017 Mari El, mefuta e fapaneng ea Red Scarlett), le lekhapetleng la methapo e anngoeng ke letheba le letšo (le bokelletsoeng sebakeng sa Kostroma, mefuta e fapaneng ea Red Scarlett, Letlapa la 2). Ho tiisa boteng ba DNA ka har'a methapo le makhasi a litapole, mefuta ea C. coccode e ile ea aroloa ho bona ho ea litsong tse hloekileng.
Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea kutloisiso ea sistimi ea liteko li bonts'a hore e ka sebelisoa ho tseba ka katleho boteng ba C. coccodes DNA ho sampole ha kakaretso ea eona ka har'a motsoako oa PCR e feta 0.05 ng. Sena se lekane ho fumanoa, hobane sclerotia e le 'ngoe e na le karolelano ea 0.131 ng,' me spore e le 'ngoe e na le li-0.04 ng tsa DNA (Cullen et al., 2002). Sistimi ea liteko e ntlafalitsoeng ke sehlopha sa Manyesemane (Cullen et al., 2002) e bonts'itse kutloisiso e ts'oanang (monyako oa 34 ho 0.05 ng DNA le 37 ho 0.005 ng).
Tlhatlhobo ea lisampole tsa tlhaho tse nang le li-coccode maemong ohle li entse hore ho khonehe ho senola boteng ba eona sampoleng (Tafole ea 2). Mokhoa o reriloeng oa ho itšehla thajana ka DNA o ne o sebetsa le tlhahlobisong ea mehlala ea limela tsa tlhaho.
Tafole ea 2. Qeto ea kutloisiso ea sistimi e hlahisitsoeng ea liteko bakeng sa ho khetholla li-coclet tsa Colletotrichum bakeng sa PCR ea nako ea nnete.
Образец | Palo ea DNA ka sampole *, ng | Potoloho ea monyako | Ho lemoha li-coccode |
---|---|---|---|
Li-coccode tsa Mycelium Colletotrichum | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Peele ea Tuber 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Peele ea Tuber 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Peele ea Tuber 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Lekhasi la litapole | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Hlokomela. * Ka motsoako oa lihlahisoa tsa PCR.
Ho khetheha ha sistimi ea liteko ho ile ha lekoa ka mehlala ea DNA e nkiloeng mefuteng e 15 ea li-fungus. Mefuta eohle ea li-fungus e ne e arotsoe ke bangoli ho litholoana tse amehileng le tse phetseng hantle le makhasi a tamati, methapo ea litapole; mofuta o le mong o ne o arotsoe motso oa koro (Tafole ea 1). Har'a mefuta e ikhethileng ka holim'a tholoana, ho boetse ho na le mefuta e seng pathogenic ea langa le le lej (mohlala, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
Boithuto bo bontšitse hore C. coccodes DNA e fumanoe e le mothating oa 20-27, ha mefuta e meng ea fungal e sa fumanoe kapa e fuoa letšoao kamora potoloho ea 40, e ka bakoang ke phello ea lerata le sa reroang (Letlapa la 3).
Tafole ea 3. Ho leka liteko tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-mushroom
Lebitso la li-mushroom | Potoloho ea monyako |
Li-coccode tsa Colletotrichum 1 | 20.9 |
C. li-coccode 2 | 22.6 |
C. li-coccode 3 | 23 |
C. li-coccode 4 | 22 |
Fusarium oxysporum | > 40 |
F. verticalillium | > 40 |
Rhizoctoninia Solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis phaseoli | > 40 |
Alternaria alternata | > 40 |
A. tomatephila | > 40 |
Helminthosporium solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus | > 40 |
Stemphylium vesicarium | > 40 |
Crash ea Ilyonectria | > 40 |
Likokoana-hloko tsa Cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. fulvum | > 40 |
Acrodontium luzulae | > 40 |
Penicillium NS. | > 40 |
Hlokomela. * Palo ea DNA mehlala eohle e ne e le 10 ng.
Sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea liteko e sebelisitsoe ho khetholla li-coccode lisampoleng tsa lekhasi la tamati tse nang le matšoao a likokoana-hloko tsa necrotrophic le methapo ea litapole tsa peo ntle le matšoao a bonahalang. Bakeng sa boithuto, re nkile li-tubers tsa peo tsa mefuta e fapaneng e lenngoeng libakeng tsa Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Boteng ba C. coccodes DNA bo ne bo nkuoa bo le bohlokoa mecheng, ha ho ne ho hlahlojoa hore potoloho ea monyako ha ea feta 35. Boleng bona ba monyako bo khethiloe ho ipapisitsoe le boikemisetso bo tšepahalang ba 0.05 ng ea C. coccodes DNA (monyako oa 33.5, Tafole ea 2) le taba ea hore lipotoloho tse haufi le 40, DNA e sa ikhethang ea mefuta e meng ea li-fungus e fumanoe. Ka mokhoa ona, boteng ba bohlokoa ba C. coccodes DNA bo fumanoe mehatong e mehlano ea methapo e lenngoeng Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga le lekhasi le le leng la langa le le lej ho tsoa seterekeng sa Yeisk seterekeng sa Krasnodar (Tafole 5, 4).
Tafole ea 4. Ho fumanoa li-coccolode tsa Colletotrichum ho li-tubers tsa litapole *
Nomoro ea mohlala | Litapole tse fapa-fapaneng | Sebaka sa ho hola | Ho lemoha li-coccode | Potoloho ea monyako |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bokhubelu bo bofubelu | Sebaka sa Kostroma | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Sebaka sa Moscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky kapele | Sebaka sa Moscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molly | Sebaka sa Kaluga | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Mohopolo | Sebaka sa Kaluga | - | |
15 | Gala | Sebaka sa Nizhny Novgorod. | - | |
16 | - |
Hlokomela. * Palo ea DNA mehlala eohle e ne e le 50 ng.
Tafole ea 5. Ho fumanoa li-coccolode tsa Colletotrichum makhasi a tamati *
Nomoro ea mohlala | Sebaka sa ho hola | Ho lemoha li-coccode | Potoloho ea monyako |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Sebaka sa Krasnodar, Setereke sa Crimea | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Sebaka sa Krasnodar, Setereke sa Yeisk | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* Palo ea DNA mehlala eohle e ne e le 50 ng.
Sistimi ea liteko e entsoeng ke rona ha e tlase ho e ntlafalitsoeng ke bafuputsi ba Borithane (Cullen et al., 2002) ka kutloisiso le boits'oaro mme e loketse tlhahlobo ea mehlala ea limela. Ts'ebeliso ea eona ea tlhahlobo ea li-tubers tsa peo e nolofalelitse ho tseba C. coccodes DNA ho li-tubers ntle le matšoao a kantle a tšenyo le ho hlahloba ka katleho ts'oaetso ea makhasi.
Ho fihlela joale, ha ho so hlahlojoe li-tubers tsa litapole bakeng sa tšoaetso ea C. coccode e seng e entsoe Russia. Boithuto ba rona ba pele bo bontšitse hore ho tsoa ho li-tubers tsa peo tse lekiloeng tse 16 tse holileng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Russian Federation, tse 5 li na le li-coccode. Sena se bontša hore letheba le letšo la li-tubers tsa litapole ke lefu le tloaelehileng la litapole Russia, mme karolo ea lona ea ho fokotsa boleng le boleng ba sejalo sa litapole ha e nkoe.
Ho hlahlojoa ha makhasi a langa le le lej ho senotsoe boteng ba bohlokoa ba C. coccode DNA lekhasi le le leng ho tsoa seterekeng sa Yeisk sa Krasnodar Territory. Pejana, ha ho ne ho hlahlojoa masimo a langa le le lej Russia e ka boroa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa liteko oa Borithane (Cullen et al., 2002), ho ile ha fumanoa makhasi a nang le li-coccode, mme masimong a mang karolo e phahameng ea makhasi a tšoaelitsoeng ke C. coccode e fumanoe (Belov et al., 2018). Sebakeng sa Krasnodar le Primorsky, Lebatooeng la Moscow, re fumane litholoana tsa langa le le lej, moo re atlehileng ho arola litso tse sa tsoakoang tsa C. coccode. Ho ka etsahala hore li-coccode li atile haholo ho langa le le lej Russia ho feta kamoo ho lumeloang hona joale, 'me ho ba kotsi ha eona le hona ho khesoa.
Kahoo, ho fihlela joale, ho se ho bokelletsoe tlhaiso-leseling e lekaneng mabapi le kabo e atileng ea C. coccode ka litapole le tamati.
Ho utloisisa hantle karolo ea fungus ena nts'etsopele ea maloetse a litapole le tamati, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe ho ata ha eona Russia, ho ithuta karolo ea tšoaetso ea mobu le peo, le karolo ea letheba le letšo ho tahlehelo nakong ea polokelo. Ts'ebeliso ea li-diagnostics tsa PCR e ka nolofatsa mosebetsi ona haholo, 'me ts'ebeliso ea nako e le ngoe ea liteko ka bobeli e tla eketsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo.
Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke thuso e tsoang ho Russian Science Foundation No. 18-76-00009.
Sengoloa se phatlalalitsoe koranteng ea "Mycology and Phytopathology" (bophahamo ba 54, No. 1, 2020).