Khamphani "August" e hlahlobile li-stereotypes tse atileng haholo mabapi le biopesticides - lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea limela tse lumelletsoeng ho sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse holang ebile li entsoe ka lintho tse phelang.
Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa li-biopesticides o nkoa o ntse o eketseha ka potlako: karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa biolo ka bongata ba lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea limela e ntse e le liperesente tse fokolang feela, empa, ho latela litsebi, thekiso ea tsona e ntse e eketseha ka 15-20% ka selemo - makhetlo a fetang a mararo ho feta 'maraka oa lefatše oa li-CPPP o seng o thehiloe.
Naheng ea Russia, boemo bo fapane: 'maraka oa li-biopesticides le li-CPPP li ntse li hola ka lebelo le lekanang. Keketseho ea limela tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko e ntse e atamela maemong a lefatše, 'me thekiso ea meriana e bolaeang likokoana-hloko ea tlhaho e eketsehile ka hoo e ka bang 10% ka selemo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Ho tloha 2010 ho isa ho 2019, litšenyehelo ho lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea limela Russia ka heke e le ngoe ea sebaka se lenngoeng li kentsoe habeli - ho tloha ho li-ruble tse 550 ho isa ho tse 2200. Sena se etsahetse ka bobeli ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ka phapanyetsano, moo litheko tsa likarolo tsa mantlha tsa lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea limela li tlangoang, mme ka lebaka la hore litlhoko tse lokiselitsoeng tsa theknoloji bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea limela li ntse li sa koaetsoe ka botlalo ke mapolasi a lapeng. Hape kholo ea kholo ka hara naha e ntse e le kholo: Russia, litšenyehelo ka hektare ka liranta li tlase habeli ho feta USA, le makhetlo a 3,5 ho feta ho feta ho Jeremane. Mme naheng ea Japane, naha e nang le karolo e kholo ea batho ba lekholo ba lilemo tse lekholo ho baahi, ba qeta makhetlo a ka bang 15 ho hekthara ea masimo ho feta Russia (empa ho lokela ho hopoloa hore Japane chai e fetang e le 'ngoe e kotuloa kahekthere e ngoe ka selemo le litheko tsa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana. ho na le tse phahameng haholo).
Ha e le li-biopesticides, karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsona ke ea sehlopha sa likokoanyana tse etselitsoeng ho laola likokoana-hloko le li-fungicides tse sebelisetsoang ho laola tšoaetso ea fungal ea limela. Hape, lihlahisoa tsa bioloji li na le maemo a mangata e le liqabang tsa kholo le likarolo tse khahlanong le khatello ea maikutlo - ka bomalimabe, ha se kamehla li sebetsang ka mokhoa o hlakileng le o netefalitsoeng. Li-biopesticides ha li qothisane lehlokoa le sehlopha se hlokoang haholo sa li-CPPP - li-herbicides. Boithuto bo bontša hore le ha e le lisosa tse kholo tse ka susumetsang sehoai hore li sebelise li-biopesticides ke kabo ea mahala ea lithethefatsi le litlhahiso tse tsoang ho basebetsi mmoho, ha ntlha ea bohlokoa e khothalletsang ts'ebeliso ea CPPD e le ts'epo litlamorao, ho ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba bona. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso ea li-biopesticides hangata e hloka maemo a ikhethang ao ho sa itšetleheng ka lihoai kamehla.
Linaha tse fapaneng li nahana ka tsela e fapaneng hore na ke lithethefatsi life tse nang le tokelo ea ho bitsoa biopesticides. Kahoo, ho la Russia, Tlhaloso e fanoa ho GOST R 56694-2015: tsena ke "lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea semela sa tlhaho se sebelisetsoang ho loantsha likokonyana tsa limela tse lenngoeng, tseo e leng lintho tse phelang kapa likhemik'hale tsa tlhaho tse sebetsang haholo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlophisitsoeng ke lintho tse phelang." European Union, biopesticides e hlalosoa e le "mofuta oa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e thehiloeng ho likokoana-hloko kapa lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho." Mokhatlo oa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho oa United States, ntle le litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko tse thehiloeng ho libaktheria, li-fungus le vaerase, o boetse o khetholla litloaelo tse fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo ho tsona liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa microorganism li kentsoeng ho biopesticides. Mohlala, mofuta oa endotoxin oa libaktheria tsa mofuta oa Bacillus thuringiensis, eo ka boeona e sebelisoang e le kokoana-hloko. Ka lebaka leo, semela ka bosona se hlahisa chefo e senya ntho e kotsi. Empa naheng ea Amerika, chefo e bolaeang likokoana-hloko e hlophisitsoeng ke lintho tse phelang e kenyelletsa feela lintho tse laolang likokonyana ka mekhoa e se nang chefo (joalo ka li-pheromones tsa thobalano tsa likokoana-hloko tse thibelang ho tsofala, litlolo tse monko o monate tse hohelang likokoanyana marabeng, oli e thibelang ho hema, jj. jj.).
Khamphani "Phato" e re ts'ebeliso ea lintho tse phelang tsa vaerase, baktheria kapa hlobo ea fungus e le bathusi ba ts'ireletso ea limela, ha e bapisoa le lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, e lekantsoe ke lintlha tse tharo tsa bohlokoa. Taba ea pele, ba hloka maemo a khethehileng a polokelo, kaha hangata a "senyeha" ka mocheso o phahameng kapa o mobe. Taba ea bobeli, bophelo ba bona ba lishelefo ke makhetlo a 'maloa,' me ka linako tse ling ke taelo ea boholo, bo ka tlase ho CPSP. Ka mohlala, li-Pheromones li bolokiloe ka sehatsetsing, 'me setso sa li-trichoderma mushroom, se nang le ts'usumetso ea fungicidal, se tla tsamaisoa le ke sehoai se nang le tsebo sehatsetsing. Empa ntlha ea bohlokoa ke ea boraro: katleho ea lihlahisoa tsa "phela" e itšetlehile haholo ka maemo a tikoloho. Haeba li sa rate, 'me tlholisano e nang le tlhaho ea tlhaho ea tikoloho e le ntle, "meriana e bolaeang" e ka ba e sa sebetseng.
"Lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ka lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko kapa lihlahisoa tsa semela ha li fapane hole le lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea semela sa khemikhale, ntle le mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea ntho e sebetsang. Bareki ba lihlahisoa ka linako tse ling ha ba tsebe le hore ha se ba iqapetsoeng, - ho bolela Mikhail Danilov. - Mohlala, "safetoacaridalISOectin" e sebetsang hantle haholo e bolaeang likokoanyana le likokoanyana tse kotsi, ke sehlahisoa sa litšila se bitsoang streptomyces avermitilis. Leha ho bonahala eka "bio" e bolokehile, empa tlhahlobo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang ke taelo ea boholo bo tlase e seng chefo ho feta potasiamo cyanide. "
Ka nako e ts'oanang, ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea CPSP e netefatsa hore ha ho na kotsi ho tlhaho le batho. Litlhare ka botsona li ntse li etsoa teko ea tšireletso ea multilevel. Ho nka nako e fetang e le 'ngoe ho tloha nakong eo motsoako o sebetsang o lekiloeng ho rekiseng sehlahisoa se thehiloeng ho sona. Ntle le liteko tsa biolo tse amanang ka kotloloho le ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ntho khahlanong le ntho e kotsi, ho etsoa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea tlhahlobo ea chefo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lithethefatsi tse felileng li tlohela 'maraka. Pele ho tsohle, lintho tsena ke lintho tse nang le phehello e phahameng, tse bolokiloeng linthong tsa tikoloho nako e telele, hammoho le tse tloaeloang ke bioaccumulation - ho bokellana ha mmele ka moholeng o moholo ho feta kamoo o leng teng tikolohong e kantle. Taba ea bobeli, tsena ke lintho tse amehang ka litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa tahi.
"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane (DDT), e leng chefo e fokolang empa e thibetsoe kajeno linaheng tsohle tsa lefats'e, e sebelisoang khahlanong le menoang le likokoanyana tsa limela, e ipakile e le matla a ho bola. Mobu, nako ea bophelo ba eona e ka ba lilemo tse fetang 15. Ntle le moo, e ne e e-na le sekhahla se phahameng haholo sa bioaccumulation. Lenaneng la lijo, silt - algae - crustaceans - lihlapi - tse jang litlhapi, mahloriso a tsona a eketsehile makhetlo a likete tse leshome. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ha rea lokela ho lebala hore lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng DDT e thusitse ho pholosa batho ba fihlang ho halofo ea bilione ba sa kang ba bolaoa ke mala, "Mikhail Danilov o etsa mohlala.
Litokisetso tse kotsi tsa ts'ireletso ea semela sa lik'hemik'hale li fetoha ha e sebelisoa hampe - pele ho tsohle, ha melao ea ts'ebetso e tlotsoa. Sena se sebetsa le molemong oa ts'ebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokonyana, le ts'ebeliso ea tsona lijalong tseo ba sa rereloang ho tsona - mohlala, ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa chefo.
"Ha o sebelisa li-organophosphate insecticides kapa benzimidazole fungicides, koro e ke ke ea sala mabele, empa ho e sebelisa ho sireletsa lettuce ho tsoa ho thrips le fusarium ke tlolo ea molao. Ka bomalimabe, hajoale ha se lihlahisoa tsohle tsa Russian Federation tse hlahlojoang ho latela melaoana ea lihlahisoa tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko ka bongata le chefo e seng kotsi e tsoang liphoofolong, "ho akaretsa Mikhail Danilov.
Boitsebiso bo fanoeng ke tšebeletso ea boralitaba ea k'hamphani "Phato"