Svetlana Nekoval, hlooho ea laboratori
pokello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea langa le le lej FGBNU VNIIBZR,
Mofuputsi ea Phahameng, Moqapi oa Saense ea Bioloji
+7 903 455 11 03
Ha ho motho ea belaellang tlhokahalo ea ho sireletsa litapole nakong ea ho lema. Empa mabapi le tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha e tsoang 'marakeng oa lihlahisoa tse fumanehang tikolohong, tse sireletsehileng tsa temo, lihoai li tobane le potso - joang ho sireletsa litapole: ka mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ea tlhaho? Lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea temo e sebelisitse khafetsa litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko e le mofuta o mong oa litlhare tsa meriana.
Basebetsi ba laboratori ea pokello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea tamati ea Federal State Budgetary Science Science Institution VNIIBZR ho e ngoe ea likhoebo tsa temo setereke sa Kalinin setereke sa Krasnodar li entse liteko tsa mahlale tsa ts'ebetso ea ho sireletsa litapole libakeng tse bulehileng ka litokisetso tsa tlhahiso ea likokoana-hloko. "Biotehagro" (Timashevsk).
Litapole tsa Arrow li ile tsa lengoa ka terata ea mela e 'meli ho merero e meraro - taolo, maemo, liteko. Bolelele ba moralo ka mong e ne e le litsoe tse 2.
Ha ho lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso tse sebelisitsoeng moqomong oa taolo. Ka leano la "etalon", ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso e amohetsoeng polasing e sebelisitsoe (ho lokisa Celest TOP, KS; Ridomil Gold MC, VDG; Thanos, VDG). Ka morero oa "boiphihlelo", lihlahisoa tsa bioloji li sebelisitsoe: Geostim, F; BSka-3, F; BFTIM KS-2, Zh; Insetim, J.
Merero eohle ea liteko e ile ea fihlela litlhoko tse akaretsang (homogeneity ea mobu mabapi le kemolo). Ho mefuta eohle ea liteko, li-tubers tsa litapole li lenngoe ka la 6 Hlakubele 2020.
Pele ho nako, ho lema pele ho nako ea mobu oa sebaka sa "liteko" ho ile ha etsoa ka tokiso ea Geostim ka sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea 1 l / ha.
Nakong ea liteko, ho ile ha etsoa tse latelang: tlhahlobo ea mycological ea mobu, tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa tsa peo, tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa tsa limela tsa litapole, tlhahlobo ea mehlala ea semela ho bona hore na lefu lena ke lefe.
Ho fumana sebopeho sa mycological ea mobu ho tloha sebakeng sa liteko nakong ea selemo, pele ho kenyelletsa litokisetso tsa "Biotechagro" mme kamora ts'ebeliso ea sistimi ea ts'ireletso, mehlala ea mobu e ile ea nkuoa ho latela mokhoa. Ka lebaka la tlhahlobo ea mycological ea disampole tsa mobu, li-micromycetes tse ikhethang tsa trophic li ile tsa khetholloa 'me tsa khetholloa (Tafole ea 1).
Lethathamo 1 - Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea mycological ea disampole tsa mobu ka 2020
tšimo | CFU ea li-mushroom, likotoana tse sekete gramu e le 'ngoe ea mobu o omileng ka botlalo | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penicillium spp. | Aspergillus spp. | Trichoderma spp | Fusarium spp. | Tsela ea Alternaria spp. | |
Pele ho kenyelletsa lithethefatsi LLC "Biotehagro" 27.02.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.4 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Kamora ho kenngoa ha litokisetso Biotehagro LLC 08.06.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mobu, lihlopha tse peli tsa micromycetes li ile tsa khetholloa 'me tsa khetholloa. Sehlopha sa pathogenic se emeloa ke fungus ea mofuta fusarium spp. LE fapanyetsana spp. Sehlopha sa "saprotrophic" sa fungus ea microscopic se emeloa ke li-fungus tsa mofuta Trichoderma, Penicillium и Aspergillus.
Ho fapaneng kamora hore ho sebelisoe lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tsa k'hamphani ea Biotehagro, ho fokotsehile ha CFU ea fungi ho boletsoeng Penicillium, Aspergillus, hammoho le ho ba sieo ka botlalo ho r. fapanyetsana... Ntle le moo, mohlaleng ona, keketseho ea palo ea li-mushroom tsa r. trichoderma le li-mushroom tse fokolang p. fusarium.
Ho latela liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea mycological ea mobu, hoa khonahala ho hlokomela mefuta e metle ea kholo ea kholo ea li-mushroom ho tsoa trichoderma, leha ho le joalo, sena ha se na ho lekana ho bua ka bophahamo ba mobu bo phahameng haholo, kaha boholo ba li-mushroom bo tsoang nokeng. Penicillium, Aspergillus и trichoderma (1: 1: 3). Ho khothalletsoa ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea Geostim mobung.
Ho fapana le Sisteme ea Ts'ireletso ea Biotehagro, li-tubers tsa litapole li ile tsa alafshoa le BSka-3 ka tekanyo ea 4 l / t pele ho lema. Ho lema ho entsoe ke serethe sa popane KhTZ-181 (sa feiga. 2,3).
Ka mokhoa o fapaneng le sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea polasi, methapo ea litapole e ile ea alafshoa ka Celest TOP, KS pele e lengoa. Ho lema litapole ho ile ha etsoa hape ka terekere ea popane.
Likhoeli tse peli kamora ho lema li-tubers - 11.05.2020/15/20, ha limela li fihla bophahamong ba cm 3-10, ka mokhoa o fapaneng ka ts'ebeliso ea sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea Biotechagro, limela tse nyane tsa prophylaxis li ile tsa fafatsoa ka litokisetso tsa BFTIM (XNUMX l / ha) - khahlano le bothata ba mafu. Kalafo e phetoang ka sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko e ile ea etsoa kamora matsatsi a XNUMX.
Ho fapana le sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea polasi, likhoeli tse peli kamora hore li-tubers li jalwe, mehato ea ts'ireletso e ile ea etsoa ka sethethefatsi Ridomil Gold MC, EDG e le prophylaxis.
Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea phytosanitary ea litapole, likokonyana le ts'oaetso ea phytopathogenic ha ea ka ea bonoa (feiga. 4).
Matsatsi a 10 kamora kalafo ea pele (21.05), liphetho tsa accounting li bonts'a sehlahisoa sa bioloji se ile sa tsosa kholo ea mafolofolo ea litapole biomass, ha e bapisoa le taolo, bolelele ba semela bo ile ba fetoha 3,4 cm ka hofetisisa.Ho fapana ka ts'ireletso ea moruo (serese), li-indices tsa bolelele ba semela li bile le phapang e nyane ( 0,6 cm ho feta) e amanang le sistimi ea ts'ireletso ka lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko.
Limela ka 1 m2 mefuteng eohle ea liteko e ne e tšoana, leha ho le joalo, palo ea lipalo ka ho fapana ka biosecurity e ile ea e-ba tse ling tse 3. bapisoa le taolo, le 1 pc. ho feta mofuta oa phetolelo.
Kamora ho kotula (la 15.06 Phuptjane), basebetsi ba laboratori ba ile ba fumana phello ea lihlahisoa tse lekiloeng tsa biology ka sebopeho sa sejalo, tlhahiso ea litapole ka hektare, hammoho le matšoao a boleng ba sejalo.
Ho latela sephetho sa bona, palo e kholo ea litapole tsa litapole ea lipakeng le tse kholo (lijo) e fumanoe tse fapaneng le sisteme ea Biotechagro. Li-tubers tsa karolo e ntle ho tse fapaneng le biosecurity li ne li le tlase haholo ha li bapisoa le taolo le tse ling tse 1 tse amanang le sebui, leha ho le joalo, kakaretso ea litapole ea karolo e ntle ho phapang ea Biotechagro e ne e phahame. Boima ba tuber ho biosecurity variant bo fapana ho 2 ho isa ho 20 ligrama.
Setšoantšo sa 5. Palo ea methapo ea litapole e taolong (a) le ka mokhoa o fapaneng le sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea "Biotehagro" (b) Feie. 6. Tuber boima ba karoloana hantle ho tloha variant le sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea likokoana-hloko
Ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa bioloji e kentse letsoho keketseho ea tlhahiso ea litapole ho tloha hekeng e le 'ngoe (Tafole ea 1).
Lethathamo la 2 katleho ea moruo oa litapole tsa Arrow ha li ikarabella bakeng sa kotulo, 2020
Khetho | Tlhahiso, c / ha | Keketseho ea lihlahisoa, c / ha |
Melao | 78 | - |
Boiphihlelo | 235,3 | 157,3 |
Reference | 206 | 128 |
NDS 0,5 | 6,4 | - |
Kotulo e kholo e ile ea bonoa ho fapana le ts'ebeliso ea litokisetso tsa biolo, moo keketseho e neng e le 157,3 c / ha mabapi le taolo. Phetolelong ea litšupiso, keketseho ea chai e ne e le 128,0 c / ha, e leng ka tlase ho sephetho se fumanoeng setšeng moo ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea bioloji e sebelisitsoeng, ka 29,3 c / ha.
Ho lekola boleng ba khoebo le ho hlakisa litšobotsi tsa tatso ea litapole, sampole ea li-tubers tse 10 tsa khoebo tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa mefuta ena e ile ea nkuoa.
Ka lebaka leo, litsebi li ile tsa khetholla li-prototypes tsohle e le lihlahisoa tse ntle le tse phahameng tse nang le tatso e ntle haholo.
Nakong ea lipatlisiso, litaba tsa starch, vithamine C, naetrojene nitrate ka metsong ea litapole tse holileng li ile tsa khethoa (Tafole ea 3).
Lethathamo la 3. Litaba tsa starch, vithamine C, naetrojene ea nitrate ho li-tubers tsa litapole tsa Arrow
Khetho | Nitrate naetrojene, mg / kg | Likahare tsa Vitamin C, mg / 100 g lisebelisoa tse tala | Litaba tsa starch,% |
Melao | 118 | 4,4 | 20,8 |
Boiphihlelo | 138 | 9,3 | 21,3 |
Reference | 187 | 7,9 | 21,2 |
NDS 0,5 | 9,5 | 6,4 | 11,0 |
Litsenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tsa tšireletso ea litapole ka litheko tse teng 'marakeng nakong ea tlhahlobo li akaretsoa ka ho teana. 4.
Lethathamo la 4 Litjeo tsa lihlahisoa tsa tšireletso ea litapole
Litokisetso LLC "Biotehagro" boiphihlelo | Palo e hlokahalang ea lithethefatsi, l / ha | Litokisetso tsamaisong ea polokeho ea polasi ea "etalon" | Palo e hlokahalang ea lithethefatsi, l / ha | ||
Geostim | 1 | Celeste TOP, KS | 0,4 | ||
Insetim | 4 | Ridomil Khauta oa MC, VDG | 5 | ||
BFTIM | 6 | Thanos, EDC | 1,2 | ||
BSka-3 | 4 | - | - | ||
Ho tloha tafoleng e hlahisitsoeng, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore tsamaiso ea bioloji ea ts'ireletso ea litapole tsa Arrow e na le chelete e ngata ho feta ea lik'hemik'hale (standard), hobane litšenyehelo tsa ts'ireletso li fokola ka 14247,8 li-ruble / ha, mme kotulo e phahame ka 29,3 c / ha.
Ho nka taba ea hore theko ea litapole tse nyane ka Phuptjane, ka karolelano, ke li-ruble tse 17 / kg, keketseho ea lihlahisoa molemong oa teko ha e bapisoa le maemo li tla eketsa chelete e kenang ka hektare ka li-ruble tse 49810.
Liteko tse entsoeng li bonts'itse hore ts'ireletso ea biatiki ea litapole e theko e boima haholo ha e bapisoa le ts'ireletso ea lik'hemik'hale: ka li-ruble tse 64058 ka hektare, mme sena ha se nahane ka ho fokotseha ha mojaro oa anthropogenic mobung, tikolohong, ho kenyelletsa le batho.
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