O. V. Abashkin,
Yuri A. Masiuk,
O. A. Starovoitova,
YP Boyko,
Monghali V. Zeyruk,
Monghali Gordienko,
Z. N. Morzhenkova,
DV Abrosimov,
FSBSI Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Russia sa Temo ea Litapole se reheletsoeng ka LG Lorkha
HO BOLOKA KOTULO
Li-ladybugs (lat. Coccinellidae) ke lelapa la bo-maleshoane ba mofuta oa Coleoptera ba lulang lefats'eng lohle, ntle le libaka tsa Antarctica le permafrost. Likokoanyana tse tsamaeang pepeneneng li tsebahala haholo bathong. Hoo e ka bang 100 mefuta ea lelapa lena phela naheng ea Russia.
Bolelele ba bolelele ba kokoanyana bo tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 10 mm. Sebopeho sa 'mele se oval kapa se chitja, se khonang kapa se hemispherical ho tloha holimo, se bataletse ho tloha tlase. Pronotum le elytra li tšoana ka mokhoa o tšoanang. Hangata bo-maleshoane ba na le mebala e khanyang, ba nang le matheba holim'a elytra.
Naheng ea rona, ho na le mefuta e meraro ea likhomo tse jang limela (tse jang limela), hara tsona ho na le tse senyang lijalo tse 'maloa tsa temo. Bochabela bo Hōle, bo-maleshoane ba lintlha tse 28 (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch) ba baka tšenyo e mpe ho lema litapole, likomkomere le lijalo tse ling tsa meroho. Libakeng tse ka boroa, alfalfa ladybird (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata L.) ka linako tse ling e senya lijalo tsa alfalfa le tsoekere. Smolensk, Saratov le libaka tse ling tsa Russia bohareng le Russia boroa, bo-maleshoane ba se nang metsi (Cynegetis impunctata L.) ka linako tse ling ba senya lesere, clover le sweet clover.
Mefuta eohle e meng ea Russia ea bo-ladybugs ke libatana. Bo-maleshoane le li-larvae li matla haholo, li senya tse ngata tse senyang tse kang likokoanyana, lintsintsi tsa makhasi, likokoanyana tse ngata, likokoanyana tse ngata le liboseleise.
Bo-maleshoane ba basali ba behela mahe haufi le likokoana-hloko tsa aphid kapa tikoloho ea mefuta e meng ea arthropod eo ba e jang, ba le bang kapa ka maqhubu a mahe a 10-15 ka 'ngoe. Hangata li ferekanngoa le ho behela mahe a Colorado litapole maleshoane, empa mahe a bo-maleshoane a masehla, eseng a lamunu, 'me a manyane haholo. Li-larvae li na le lilemo tse 'ne. Meloko e 'maloa e hlaha selemong. Bo-maleshoane ba baholo ba lula hibernate, ba sebelisa libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo, ka linako tse ling ba ea ho robala sebakeng se le seng ka bongata bo boholo (pokello), moo ba ka bokelloang nakong ea ho tlola, ba bolokoa ka likotlolong ho fihlela nakong ea selemo, ebe ba ntšetsoa libakeng tsa likokonyana.
Li-ladybugs li thusa haholo joalo ka li-bioregulators tsa palo ea tse senyang lijalo mme li sebelisoa ka mafolofolo tsamaisong ea taolo ea bioecological. Mefuta e meng, e joalo ka Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls.Le Rodolia cardinalis Muls., Li phatlalatsoa ka katleho laboratoring ebe li hlahisoa ka tlhaho ho fokotsa palo ea tse senyang lijalo.
Tlhaloso ea mefuta ea batho
LEBOKO LEBONA
(Anatis ocellata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 8 ho isa ho 9 mm. Suture ea Elytral karolong e kaholimo e nang le notch e koahetsoeng ke moriri o teteaneng. Scutellum e kholo, e bonahala hantle. Elytra e nang le matheba a mabeli a matsho a nang le likhahla tse bobebe. Ho batho ba bang, mabala a kopantsoe hanyane, kapa ka lipalo tse fokolang. Phatlalatso: e pharalla hohle karolong ea Europe ea Russia, Crimea, Siberia le Bochabela bo Hare. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba.
LADYBIRD LINTLHA TSE PELI (Adalia bipunctata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 4 ho isa ho 5 mm. Pronotum e nang le leseli, hangata e le mosehla, e ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka linako tse ling e khanya ka paterone ea matheba a matsho. Batho ba bang ba na le sebaka se bopehileng joaloka M ho pronotum. Mokhoa oa elytral o fapane haholo. Mmele o motsho tlase. E ajoa hohle, ntle le Leboea le Hōle.
LADYBIRD PHETOHO
(Adonia variegata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 3-6 mm. Li-larvae li na le 'mele o molelele. Mokokotlo o motsho ka matheba a mabedi a mosehla. Batho ba baholo ba na le elytra e khubelu ea 'mala o mosehla le matheba a tšeletseng a bopehileng ka tsela e sa tloaelehang. Tse abuwang hohle Basali ba behela mahe a bosehla bo khanyang lijalong ka lihlopha (ho behela mahe). Entomophage e fana ka meloko e meraro ka selemo. Motho a le mong o ja mahe a ka bang 20 a Colorado litapole maleshoane motšehare, ka mafolofolo o ja hoaba ea k'habeche.
NONYANE NONYANE LEHLOHONOLO
(Coccinella quinquepunctata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 3 ho isa ho 5 mm. Elytra e nang le matheba a mabeli a matsho a chitja ka 'ngoe le sebaka se le seng se tloaelehileng haufi le scutellum. Tsamaiso e pharalletse, ho pholletsa le karolo ea Europe ea Russia, Caucasus, Asia Bohareng, Siberia le Bochabela bo Hare. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba.
LESOTHO NTSANE LEBAKA
(Coccinella septempunctata L.)
Mefuta ea ladybugs e tsebahalang haholo. Bolelele ba 'mele: 5 ho isa ho 8 mm. Li-elytra li soeufetse scutellum e nang le matheba a matšo a tšeletseng le sebaka se le seng se tloaelehileng sa scutellum. E abuoa hohle. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba, liboko le batho ba baholo (batho ba baholo) ba ja mahe le liboko tsa li-instars tse nyane tsa Colorado litapole maleshoane.
LEKHOTLA NTS'OANE LETSELA
(Hippodamia tredecimpunctata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 4 ho isa ho 7 mm. Elytra e mosehla. Likarolo tse ka morao tsa prothotum li na le moeli o pharaletseng o nang le letheba le letšo le tsebahalang. Ha e fumanoe mahoatateng a Asia Bohareng le Caucasus. E lula ka har'a limela haufi le 'mele ea metsi. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba.
LADYBUG LIMAKATSO
(Ithone mirabilis Motsch.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 4 ho isa ho 6 mm. E abuoa Bochabela bo Hōle. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba. LADYBIRD Leshome le Metso e Mene (Coccinella quatuorddecimpustulata L.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: 3 ho isa ho 4 mm. Meqomo e bobebe. Elytra e nang le mabala a mosehla a 14, sebaka se kamorao se ikhethile ebile sea ikhetha. Tsamaiso e pharalletse ho pholletsa le karolo ea Europe ea Russia, Caucasus, Siberia le Bochabela bo Hare. E iphepa haholo-holo ka hoaba.
LADYBIRD NTHOANE LESHOME LE MANE
(Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata L.)
Mofuta oa lebitso le le leng, empa o fapana ka litšobotsi tsa morphological. Bolelele ba 'mele: 3 ho isa ho 5 mm. E ajoa haholo ho tloha tundra ho ea sebakeng sa meru ea meru.
Ho na le notch e likhutlo li tharo moeling o ka pele oa mesothorax. Elytra e nang le seam e ntšo. Mohlala oa pronotum le elytra lia fapana. E fepa haholo-holo ka hoaba, e ka ja li-thrips. Mofuta ona oa li-ladybugs o khona ho ikatisa o le mong matlong a polokelo nako e telele. Tse tshehadi di behela mahe dimela. Ntlafatso ea ntlafatso: mocheso + 24 ... + 25оC, mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng 70-85%. Li-larvae li hlaha ka matsatsi a 7-8. Ka ho senyeha ha maemo a tikoloho, nts'etsopele ea liboko e liehile. Tse tshehadi di phela ka karolelano matsatsi a 65 mme di behela mahe a 270 ho isa ho 360 nakong ena. Ha e le hantle, ladybug ena e sebelisoa khahlanong le mahapu le hoaba ea sethopo sethalong sa li-entomophage larvae tsa li-instar tsa pele le tsa bobeli ka karolelano ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa 1: 10. Litholoana tse ntle li fumanoe ka ho lokolloa ha liboko tse ngata ka nako ea beke e le 'ngoe. Tse tšehali tse jang liphoofolo li na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho batla 'me li fumana hoaba le ha e sa tsamaisoe hakaalo.
CRYPTOLEM EA MONTROZIERA (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant.)
Bolelele ba 'mele oa kokoanyana e seng e le kholo: ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 4 mm, li-larvae li ka fihla ho 13 mm, li koahetsoe ke ntho e nang le boka e ba etsang hore ba shebahale joalo ka liphofu tsa bona - mealybugs. Sebaka sa tlhaho sa kabo: Australia Bochabela.
Mofuta ona o hlahisitsoe (o tsebisitsoe le ho tloaelletsoa) linaheng tse ngata tsa lefats'e, ho kenyeletsoa USSR (RF). Lijo tse tloaelehileng: Mahe, li-nymph le li-coccids tsa batho ba baholo, mesamo le mealybugs limela tsa mekhabiso le meroho. Letlalo le le leng la cryptolemus le ka ja / la senya ho tloha mahe a 4 ho isa ho a 7, liboko tsa 200-300 kapa liboko tsa batho ba baholo ba 40-60 ka letsatsi. Lithemparetjha tse kaholimo ho +33оC, ts'ebetso ea cryptolemus e theoha haholo, maemong a batang ka tlase ho +9оHa ba lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso ka botlalo (mocheso o phethahetseng: + 22 ... + 25оC, mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng 70-80%). E tshehadi e behela mahe a fihlang ho 1100. Potoloho e felletseng ea nts'etsopele, ho latela maemo a mocheso, e nka matsatsi a 25-72. Bo-maleshoane ba phela likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 7. Li sebetsa haholo matsatsing a hlakileng a letsatsi, matlong a polokelo ea matlo - ka khanya e khanyang. Ka karolelano, batho ba babeli ka mithara e le 'ngoe ba lokolloa ho tsepamiso ea likokoanyana tsa cryptolemus2 ka karohano ea libeke tse peli, ka sekhahla se phahameng sa likokoanyana, sekhahla sa tokollo se eketsoa ka makhetlo a 5-10.
LEIS DIMIDIATA (Leis dimidiata Fabr.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: ho feta 10 mm. Sebaka sa tlhaho sa kabo: Asia Boroa-bochabela. Mofuta ona o hlahisitsoe (o tsebisitsoe le ho tloaelletsoa) linaheng tse ngata tsa lefats'e, ho kenyeletsoa le USSR (RF). E tshehadi e behela ho tloha mahe a 30 ho isa ho a 40 ka letsatsi, mahe a ka bang 2000 ka kakaretso. Ntlafatso ea ntlafatso: mocheso + 20 ... + 25оC. Karolelano ea thobalano: 1: 1. Ha o fepa hoaba ea perekisi maemong a laboratori, ho latela mocheso, nako ea nts'etsopele ea mahe: matsatsi a 3-5, liboko - matsatsi a 14-22, manaka - matsatsi a 5-8, nako ea pele ho nako - matsatsi a 22-35, likokoanyana tse kholo li phela lilemo tse 4-6 likhoeli. Bo-maleshoane le liboko li fepa mefuta e mengata ea hoaba, ho kenyelletsa mahapu le likhoele, hammoho le mahe a serurubele (Lepidoptera). Li-larvae tsa entomophage tsa li-instars tsa pele le tsa bobeli li lokolloa litsing tsa likokonyana. Ho pepere khahlanong le hoaba ka karolelano ea 1:40, lipalesa - 1: 200.
CYCLONEDA LIMBIFI
(Leqhubu la cycloneda Cassey.)
Bolelele ba 'mele: ho feta 10 mm. Sebaka sa tlhaho sa kabo: libaka tsa tropike. Mofuta ona o tsebisitsoe linaheng tse ngata tsa lefats'e, ho kenyeletsoa USSR (RF). E ja hoaba ka mafolofolo. Bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea likokoana-hloko khahlano le hoaba, ba jang maholiotsoana ba jalletsoa matlong a polokelo, moo ba ka ikatisang ba le bang. Ka pepere e tsoekere, Cycloneda e ja hoo e batlang e le hoaba kaofela ho eona. Nakong ea bophelo ba eona, sebōkō se le seng se ja ho fihlela ho 270, 'me maleshoane e moholo - batho ba fetang 1300 ba hoaba ea mahapu kapa perekisi. Likokoana-hloko tsa pele tsa sefefo se matla li khona ho jellana (malimo). Bakeng sa li-eggplant, likomkomere le pelepele, batho ba jang leholiotsoana ba lokolloa ka karolelano ea liphoofolo tse li jang ho tloha ho 1: 5 ho isa ho 1:25. Ka palo ea hoaba ho tloha ho 500 kapa ho feta, ho lokolloa ha li-cryptolemus larvae ho lokela ho eketsoa ka makhetlo a 5-10.
Ho 2018, basebetsi ba FGBNU VNII KH bona. A.GLorkha o ile a etsa boithuto ho ithuta karolo ea bo-maleshoane ho fokotsa palo ea bo-maleshoane ba Colorado, ho hlokometsoe libaka tsa liteko tsa setheo.
Mefuta ea litapole ka tatellano ea linomoro tse ntseng li eketseha tsa bo-maleshoane: Luna, Vector, Pennant, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Rocco, Lyubava, Snow White, Skarb, Nikulinsky, Bora, Luck, Aurora, Belar, Kiwi, Nevsky, Zhukovsky kapele, Krasavchik, Gala , Blueness, Matla, Lorkh.
Karolelano ea baahi ba Colorado litapole maleshoane ha a ka a fihlela lintlha tse 'ne, ke hore, disenyi ha lia ka tsa sokela ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa le ho fokotsa litapole.
Karo-karolelano ea palo ea bo-maleshoane le Colorado litapole maleshoane ho lintlha tsa mak'hadinale e ile ea hlahlojoa (Tafole ea 2).
Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Colorado litapole maleshoane e tlalehiloe ho tloha ka boroa le ka bochabela lehlakoreng la temo ea litapole, mme palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea bo-maleshoane le eona e ile ea tsejoa moo. Bonyane kaofela ha bona ba ne ba le bohareng ba boema-fofane.
Ntho e khahlang ka ho fetisisa molokong oa 1 oa Colorado litapole maleshoane e ne e le ea Lyubava, Lorkh, Belar le Snow White. Li-ladybug li ne li khetha mefuta e fapaneng ea Belar, Golubizna, Kiwi. 'Me mosebetsi o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bo-ladybird o ile oa tsejoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea Golubizna, Vector, Kiwi, Belar le Rocco.
Phoofolo e jang liphoofolo tse matla - phofu (SHJ - 1.00) e bonoe ho Aurora, Bera, Vympel, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Nevsky, RS, Skarb le Udacha.
Mosebetsi o tlase ka ho fetesisa oa bo-maleshoane o ile oa tsejoa ka mefuta - Lorkh, Gala, Snow White, Luna, Lyubava.
E 'ngoe ea liqeto tse entsoeng ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa phuputso: e le ho hatella ka ho felletseng baahi ba Colorado litapole maleshoane a li-ladybug a lokela ho lokolloa ka tlhaho (a hlahisoa) ho elella bofelong ba Mots'eanong - mathoasong a Phuptjane ka bongata ba batho ba 40-50 sehlahleng se seng le se seng.
Ka 2019, palo ea bo-maleshoane tšimong ea litapole e ile ea theoha haholo, e leng se ileng sa baka ho hlaha ha kokoanyana ea litapole ea Colorado ka lipalo tse fetang moeli oa moruo oa palo ea baahi, e neng e hloka kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale tšimong khahlanong le bo-maleshoane.