“Ha Yuropa e fokotsa ts'epo ea eona ho li-agrochemicals temong lilemong tse 10 tse tlang le ho feta, potso ea bohlokoa ke hore: Ke eng e tla li nkela sebaka? Biotechnology ea temo e ka fana ka karabo, ”ho ngola Farhan Mitha sengolong se phatlalalitsoeng ke Labiotech Insider.
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Ts'ebeliso ea li-agrochemicals - meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana, manyolo le litlatsetso tsa kholo ea limela - esale e le bohlokoa ho batho lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng. Ba lumelletse ho eketsa tlhahiso ea temo ho latela litlhoko tsa baahi (bao palo ea bona e ileng ea hola haholo) mme ba pholosa batho ba limillione ho tloha tlala. Leha ho le joalo, tšusumetso ea li-agrochemicals tikolohong e se e bonahala haholo hore e ka hlokomolohuoa, 'me lik'hemik'hale li ntse li bonahala e le lisebelisoa tsa lekholong lena la ho qetela tse sa tšoaneleheng hantle ho rarolla mathata a lekholo la bo21 la lilemo.
Ha e hlokomela sena, EU haufinyane e ipehetse lipheo tse 'maloa tsa ho fokotsa haholo palo ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang lipolasing tsa Europe ka 2030. Re bua ka phokotso ea 50% ts'ebelisong ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana le kotsi, hammoho le phokotso ea 20% ts'ebelisong ea manyolo.
Ho totobetse hore motsamao o lebisang lipakaneng tsena ha oa lokela ho tsamaisana le ho theoha ho matla ha tlhahiso. Mokhoa oa ho tsoa boemong bona e ka ba ho fetohela ho li-biotechnologies tse ncha tsa temo.
Ho tloha khale, khothaletso ea biotechnology ea temo naheng ea EU ha e ea ka ea tsamaea hantle. Khomishene ea Europe e sitisitse ho kenngoa ha lijalo tse fetotsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me e nyahamisitse lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso ho pholletsa le k'honthinente tse nkileng mekhoa ea boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha tsamaiso ea temo e behang haholoanyane, e tšepahalang haholoanyane.
Leha ho le joalo, biotechnology ea temo ha se feela popo ea lijalo tsa GM: bo-rasaense ba li sebelisa ho theha litharollo tsa likokoana-hloko tse kenyang letsoho ho ntlafatseng mekhoa ea ho lema lijalo (ntle le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa limela le tsona).
Li-pheromones bakeng sa taolo ea likokonyana
Likokoana-hloko tsa lik'hemik'hale ke lisebelisoa tse thata tse etselitsoeng ho laola likokoanyana tse jang likokonyana, "ke mesebetsi e boima ea matsoho" e sebelisetsoang ho bolaea ka bongata. Empa mokhoa ona oa "lefatše le chesang", o sebelisitsoeng mashome a lilemo, o baka mathata a tebileng a tikoloho.
BioPhero, univesithi ea mahlale ea Danish, o ile a bula tšebeliso ea li-pheromones tsa likokoanyana e le mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho sebelisa lithibela-mafu. Lihlahisoa tsa k'hamphani li etselitsoe ka kotloloho ho loantsha moth, 'me boholo ba tsona e le likokonyana tse kotsi bakeng sa lijalo.
Ho kenella ha Pheromone ho ferekanya tse tona ka ho pepesa sebaka sa botšehali sa mosali mokhatlong o mong oa matšoao a ho oa. Ka lebaka leo, ho beoa mahe a fokolang, 'me palo ea mabone a ka lematsang lijalo a bolokoa maemong a tlase, a ka laolehang haholoanyane.
BioPhero e hlahisitse mokhoa oa ho belisoa - o ka bapisoang le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea biri - moo tomoso ea boenjiniere e thehang li-pheromones tsa moth. Sena se lumella tlhahiso ea li-pheromone ka bongata indastering, e etsang hore mokhoa ona oa ts'ireletso ea lijalo o tsitsitseng o khonehe.
Protein biocontrol
Joalokaha u tseba, likokoanyana tsa lijalo le likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic li tla ka sebopeho le boholo, 'me ke baemeli ba mebuso e fapaneng: liphoofolo (likokoanyana), fungi, libaktheria. Sena se tlisa phephetso e kholo ntlafatsong ea mekhoa ea biocontrol e shebiloeng haholo ebile e fetoha le maemo bakeng sa lintho tse 'maloa tse fapaneng.
Biotalys (eo pele e neng e le Agrosavfe), karolo ea Setsi sa Flemish sa Biotechnology, o fana ka maikutlo a hore tharollo ea bothata bona e har'a e 'ngoe ea li-biomolecule tsa tlhaho ka ho fetisisa: liprotheine.
Khamphani ea Belgian biotechnology, e thehiloeng ka 2013, e nts'etsapele "li-agrobels" - liprotheine tse nyane tse etselitsoeng ho loantša likokoana-hloko tse khethehileng le likokoana-hloko. Mohloli oa tšusumetso bakeng sa ho theha "agrobel" e ne e le liprotheine tsa llama, tse khetholloang ke litšoaneleho tse ikhethang tsa tlhaho.
Khamphani e ka khetha kapele liprotheine tse sebetsang hantle tsa bioloji khahlanong le mofuta o mong le o mong oa likokonyana kapa pathogen, li li hlahise ka bongata bo lekaneng ka tšebeliso ea limela le ho li fetola lihlahisoa tsa tšireletso tsa semela tse sebetsang.
Ts'ebeliso ea libaktheria tsa mobu
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lefapha la lipatlisiso tsa likokoana-hloko le eketsehile haholo, 'me la nts'etsopele ke tsoelo-pele e kholo lithutong tsa phello ea sechaba sa batho ba phelang ka kokoana-hloko ea tlhaho. Sehlooho sena se ne se le mothating oa lipatlisiso tsa temo, hobane limela le tsona li na le li-micobiomes.
Mohlomong k'hamphani e tsejoang haholo ea agrobiotechnical e sebetsang ho theha marang-rang a likamano tsa matšoao pakeng tsa limela le libaktheria ke Pivot Bio ea California. Sehlahisoa sa khamphani e kenyelletsa libaktheria tse fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso mobung, e ka hulang naetrojene moeeng 'me ea e tsamaisetsa limela. Sehlahisoa se fokotsa kapa se nkela tlhokahalo ea manyolo a naetrojene a maiketsetso, ts'ebeliso eo EU e batlang ho fokotsa ka 20%.
Likhamphani tse 'maloa tsa Europe tsa biotech (ho kenyeletsoa Xtrem Biotech ea Spain le ApheaBio naheng ea Belgium) le tsona li ntse li hlahloba monyetla oa ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko e le sebaka sa li-agrochemicals. Leha ho le joalo, kenyelletso e atlehileng ea likokoana-hloko tse molemo mobung maemong a sebele a tšimo ho ipakile e le phephetso, hobane mabaka a tikoloho hangata a sitisa ts'ebetso ea ona le botsitso.
Ho hlola phokotso ena, k'hamphani ea Fora Kapsera e hlahisitse li-microcaps tse nyane tse tsoang li-alginate (lintho tse tsoang mohloling) tse ka ntlafatsang ho tsamaisoa le ts'ebetsong ea manyolo a likokoana-hloko le lihlahisoa tsa limela.
Qetellong
Phephetso e shebaneng le lihoai tsa Europe ka lebaka la sepheo se secha sa EU e thata haholo: ho tsoela pele ho eketsa tlhahiso ha o ntse o fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale. E kanna ea utloahala e sa khonehe, empa mefuta e mengata ea tharollo ea likokoana-hloko e paka hore ha ho joalo. Mme ha re fuoa ntlha ea hore indasteri ea temo ea biotechnology ea EU ka 2019 e amohetse li-euro tse limilione tse 245 bakeng sa nts'etsopele (21% ho feta ka 2018), phetoho e ncha ea temo e kanna ea ba haufi ho feta kamoo re nahanang.