Sergey Banadysev, Ngaka ea Saense ea Temo, Hlooho ea lenaneo la ho ikatisa la Doka-Gene Technologies LLC
Temo e lenngoeng le kholo e liehang qalong ea sehla sa ho hola li supa kutlo e phahameng ea litapole ho silafatseng masimo. Mofoka o fokotsa chai e ngata ea litapole, haholo ha tlholisano ea leseli, lijo le metsi e mpefatsoa ke maemo a mabe a ho holisa kapa mafu. Mofoka o boetse o sitisa kotulo, o koala likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa le ho senya karohano ea mobu. Ke mehloli ea mafu a mangata a litapole le tse senyang lijalo, e lebisang ho senyeheng ka kotloloho ho boleng ba sejalo. Karolo ea mofoka ho jaleng ha mafu e bakoa ke ho kopana ha ona ka kotloloho le limela tsa litapole haeba ho ka ata mechini le hoaba. Nako e telele ea kholo ea litapole e lumella mefuta e mengata ea mofoka ho iketla, e lebisang ho phehelleng ha likokoana-hloko lipeo. Peo e jala maloetse eseng feela ho tloha ho semela sa mme ho ea ho peo, empa le libakeng tse ling. Mofoka joalo ka mohloli oa mafu o bohlokoa haholo molemong oa tlhahiso ea peo ea litapole, mosebetsi oa mantlha oa ona ke tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa peo tse senang likokoana-hloko.
Har'a mofoka o atileng, ho na le mehloli e mengata ea maloetse a vaerase. Mefuta e fetang 100 e bokella Y-virus le litapole spindle tuber viroid. Tsena ke hemork stork, black henbane, blue cornflower, veronica (species), field bindweed, small-flowered galinsoga, highlander bird, scaly mountaineer, bindweed buckwheat, sweet clover, white sandwheat, barberry, common starweed, lacfiola jaundice, common flaxwort , Mary e mosoeu, 'mè oa bo-mme le ntate oa bobeli, euphorbia sungazer, koena ea tšimo, jala lihlabahlabane, dandelion ea moriana, nightshade e ntšo, mokotlana oa molisa, meroho e tloaelehileng, morara o tiileng, semela, lengana le tloaelehileng, joang ba koro, radish e hlaha, lehoakhoa le tloaelehileng , mokhoabong, lebala le pherese, pherese ea pere, bristle e tala, scabbard e phethiloeng, ho opa li pherese. Kotsi e kholo ka ho fetesisa ea ho bokella likokoana-hloko ke mofoka o sa feleng - jala meutloa, joang bo hahabang ba koro, semela, lengana, hobane ts'oaetso e ntse e le teng nakong ea mariha a mariha mme e fetisetsoa limela tsa limela tsa sehla se tlang. Nightshade, henbane, jala sehlahla se meutloa, gauze e tšoeu, woodlice, koena ea tšimo, dandelion, nettle, clover, hop ke limela tse amohelang stem nematode, e fetohileng likokoanyana tse kotsi haholo tsa peo le litapole. Mefuta e hlaha ea lelapa la nightshade - joalo ka black nightshade, bittersweet, black henbane - e boloka tšoaetso ea baktheria masimong nako e telele. Litapole tsa mofoka li fetoha mohloli o khethehileng oa likokoana-hloko, tse sa atiseng feela ho litšila, empa hape le masimong ka lebaka la mariha a ntseng a eketseha haholo. (Mekhoa ea ho laola litapole joalo ka lehola e hlalositsoe koranteng ea "Potato System" No. 3, 2019).
Ho laola lehola la lik'hemik'hale ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mahlale a morao-rao a holisang litapole. Assortment ea lefats'e Dibolayalehola tse sebediswang hodima ditapole di fapane haholo mme di kenyelletsa metswako e sebetsang ya ho bolaya lehola pele ho lengwa, pele ho mela le nakong ea kholo ea litapole. Pele ho lengoa ha litapole linaheng tse fapaneng, metsoako e sebetsang (dv-va) e sebelisoa: glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, ammonium glufosinate, dimethamide, fomesafen, methobromuron, linuron, prometrin, metribuzin, eptam, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone , propisochlor, prosulfocarb, pendimethalin, flurochloridone, flufenacet. Nakong ea sehla sa ho holisa, sete e felletseng ea d.v e lumellanang le litapole e kenyelletsa bentazone, MCPA, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, chizalofopethyl, fluazifop - P-butyl, cedodim, propachizafop. Palo ea ts'ebeliso ea metsoako e fapaneng e sebetsang e fapana haholo ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng a ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa mahlale a temo ea lehae, mobu le maemo a leholimo, le mefuta ea mahola. Kahoo, litlama-litlama tse thehiloeng ho eptam, treflan, C-metolachlor, tse hlokang ho kenella mobung, ha e le hantle li sebelisoa feela ho litapole tse holang USA le Canada. Li-herbicides tse tsoelang pele tse nang le glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, piraflufen, ammonium glufosinate li sebetsa feela khahlano le mofoka oa limela, ha li ame limela tse hlahang hamorao. Hase mofoka oohle o nang le nako ea ho mela pele letlobo la litapole le hlaha. 'Me litokisetso tsena ha lia lokela ho fihla ho litapole ka tsela efe kapa efe. Ka hona, melaoana ea ts'ebeliso ea bona e kenyelletsa mantsoe a latelang - "Ho fihlela ponahalo ea mapetso mobung kapa ho phunya mobu." - foto 1,2. Tabeng ena, re bolela mapetso a entsoeng ke litapole tse melang. Ka mapetso ana, likokoana-hloko tse tsoelang pele li senya litapole.
Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e sebetsang ea meriana e bolaeang likokoana-hloko e na le tšebetso ea eona ho mofoka. Ho na le mofoka o hananang le dibolayalehola tsohle tse seng di le teng - dope e tlwaelehileng, tlhako ya pere ya masimo, geranium e arohaneng (Tafole ya 1-3). Ha ho na lintho tse joalo, tse khethiloeng bakeng sa litapole, empa li khona ho senya mefuta eohle ea limela. Limolek'hule hizalafopethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, propachisaphop le cletodim li etselitsoe ho hatella mefuta ea mahola ea poone feela. Methobromuron, metribuzin, linuron, prometrine, rimsulfuron li na le tšebetso e pharalletseng ka ho fetesisa. Lehlaka le tiileng, black nightshade e hanana le metribuzin, bluegrass ea selemo le selemo, lebala la mokhubu, konyana e pherese, sehlahla sa tšimo, ho rimsulfuron - 'moko o mosoeu, ba hloang lithaba, bindweed, Sofia's descurainia, dope e tloaelehileng, nightshade e ntšo, kolobe. Ka lebaka lena, metsoako e mebeli ea metsoako e bolaeang likokoana-hloko, metsoako ea litanka le kalafo linakong tse fapaneng tsa kholo li se li sebelisoa haholo.
Tafole ea 1. Spectrum ea ketso ea lintho tse sebetsang tsa sebolayalehola (Rebarz K., 2019)
Sesebelisoa se sebetsang | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mofoka | Bentazone | Hizalafoptil | Clomazone | Leholiotsoana | Fluazitop-P-butyl | Flufenacet | Flurochloridone | Cletodim | ICPA | Methobromuron | Metribuzin | Pendimethalin | Propagisaphop | Propisochlor | Prosulfocarb | Rimsulfuron | Tepraloxidim |
Datura e tloaelehileng | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Geranium ea aroloa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tloaelehileng herbaceous | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Dymyanka ea bongaka | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Lebala la bopherese | + | - | - | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | ++ | ++ | + | - | + | + | + | - |
Starfish e bohareng | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - |
Konyana ke konyana e hakang. | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Mary tšoeu | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | + | - |
Palesa e khopameng ea tšimo | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Moferefere oa tšimo | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Sehahabi sa koro | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ |
Pikulnik e tloaelehileng | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Veronica | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | ++ | - | - |
Palesa e nyane ea Canada | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Hloekisa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - |
Nightshade e ntšo | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Ho hasanya lithaba | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Panderny pochechuyny | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Bemeed highlander | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Mayweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Boiketsi ba ho beta peo | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | + | ++ | - |
Horsetail | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ho lahleloa morao | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Mokotla oa molisa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Yarok ea tšimo | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Bluegrass ea selemo le selemo | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | - | ++ | + | - | ++ |
Bristle e tala | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Galinsoga e nyane e thunthung | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - |
Taba: ++ - mofoka o bonolo; + - mofoka o na le kutlo e itekanetseng; - - lehola lea hanela.
Tafole ea 2. Katleho ea litlama-khoela tse kholo tsa khoebo, Jeremane 2020
Letlapa la 3. Spectrum of action of herbicides (Phelan S., Scotland, 2017)
Mefuta ea mahola | Zenkor dovskh | Zenkor poslevskh. | Khutsa | Linuron dovskh. | Khahlanong le dovskh. | Lebogang Mashiane | Stallion dovskh. | Dikvat dovskh. | Sebaka se hlahelletseng. | Tite kamora moo. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bluegrass ea selemo le selemo | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | S | MS | ||
Nettle ea selemo le selemo | S | S | MS | S | S | |||||
Bemeed highlander | R | MS | S | S | ||||||
Nightshade e ntšo | R | MS | R | S | S | S | S | MS | ||
Bemeed highlander | MS | S | MS | S | S | S | MS | |||
Joang bo botšo? | S | MS | S | MR | MR | S | ||||
Radish e hlaha | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Starfish e bohareng | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Hloekisa | R | R | MS | MR | S | S | MS | S | S | S |
Mayweed | MS | S | S | S | ||||||
Koena ea tšimo | R | S | ||||||||
Geranium ea aroloa | MS | S | MS | |||||||
Sehahabi sa koro | R | S | ||||||||
Konyana e jang lehlaka | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Mary tšoeu | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | MR | |
Yarok ea tšimo | S | S | S | S | S | MS | ||||
Dymyanka ea bongaka | S | S | MS | R | MR | S | MS | S | ||
Ragwort | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | MS | ||
Pikulnik e tloaelehileng | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Buckwheat | MS | MS | S | MR | MS | S | S | S | MS | |
Mayweed | S | S | S | S | MR | MS | S | MS | S | |
Mosetareta o mosoeu | S | |||||||||
Boiketsi ba ho jala bo beta | S | S | S | R | S | MR | MS | S | S | |
Ho jala quinoa | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Ho hasanya lithaba | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Lebala la bopherese | S | MS | S | S | MS | MR | S | S | MS | |
Poppy e tloaelehileng | S | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | |||
Sekala gogo | S | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | S |
Mollo oa mollo oa Rye | MS | R | ||||||||
Ryegrass e sa feleng | S | S | MR | |||||||
Ho fokotsa | R | R | R | MS | ||||||
Palesa e khopameng ea tšimo | S | S | S | |||||||
Mokotla oa molisa | S | S | MS | S | S | S | S | |||
Motsoako o mosesane | S | S | ||||||||
Jala mmala o mosehla | MS | MS | MS | S | MS | S | MS | |||
Veronica | S | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | |
Li-oats tse hlaha | R | MS | MR | S | MS |
S = hlokolosi, MS = e nahanela ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, R = e tsitsitseng, MR = e hanyetsanang hantle
Kahoo, ho la USA bakeng sa 2020 ho etsoa tlhahiso ea ho sebelisa metsoako ea litanka bakeng sa kalafo ea pele ho hlaha e ipapisitse le pendimethalin, eptam, C-metolachlor, metribuzin, rimsulfuron le zetoxydim. Kua Canada, metsoako ea metribuzin le linuron, glufosinate, sulfentrazone le eona e khothalletsoa (Lethathamo la 4).
Tafole ea 4. Assortment ea litlama-mafu tsa litapole naheng ea Canada bakeng sa 2020
TLHOKOMELISO EA HERBICIDE | Sebaka sa Buffer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, ka kopo sheba Litlhaloso tsa Herbicide, Tafole ea Khetho ea Herbicide le sehlahisoa sa Lihlahisoa | paakanyong | Hazard | Nako ea ho kena e thibetsoeng | Nako ea Pele ho Kotulo | Group | |||||
Lebitso la lik'hemik'hale | Product | Sehlahisoa / ha | Melekisi | Lefats'e | Metsi <1m | |||||
PELE HO JALA | ||||||||||
EPTC | Eptam | 4.25-8.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 24 | 45 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Tse fapa-fapaneng: Round-up jj | 2.5-7 L / ha | Ho ikhethela | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
s-metolachlor | Magnum a mabeli a II | 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | - | 15 | - | 29 |
PELE TLHOKOMELO | ||||||||||
dimethenamid-p | Frontier Max, Ponahalo | 0.756-0.963 L / ha | None | EC | LH | 24 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
senate | Reflex | 1 L / ha | Ho ikhethela | SN | LH | 12 | 70 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
glufosinate | Hlokomoloha | 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 10 | 1 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Tse fapa-fapaneng: Round-up jj | 2.5 L / ha | Ho ikhethela | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
linurone | Lorox L | 2.25-4.5 L / ha | None | SU | VLH | 24 | - | 7 | - | - |
linuron + s-metolachlor | Lorox LDual II Magnum | 1.9-2.3 L / ha1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | SU EC | VLH | 24 | - | 7 15 | - | 29 |
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Sehlopha Sencor 500 FL, Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha kapa 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | D.F.SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + glufosinate | Sencor 500FL Metrix Hlokomoloha | 1.1 L / ha 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SU SN | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 10 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ linurone | Sencor, Tricor, lebotho Lorox L | 0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha 1.6-3.75 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 24 | 60 | 5 7 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Sencor, Tricor, lebotho Magnum a mabeli a II | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | DF EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Tlhaloso: Tricor + UPI S-MET | 0.55 kg / ha 1.3 L / ha | None | DF | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin / s-metolachlor | Moeli oa LQD | 1.85-2.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + sulfentrazone | Sekhahla sa STZ | 0.6 - 0.8 kg / ha 0.16-0.22 L / ha | None | EA-DF FL | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 14 | 10 | 5 |
NAKOANA MOR'A KETSI TSA KOTSI | ||||||||||
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, lebotho Sencor 500FL Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ rimsulfuron | Titus Pro: Tricor + porisime | 0.28 - 0.375 kg / ha 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | E seng ionic | DF SG | LH | 12 | 60 | 5 2 | 10 | 5 |
MOTSOA POSO | ||||||||||
clethodim | Khetha / Motsu | 0.19-0.38 L / ha + 0.5-1.0% v / v | Amigo kapa X- Molao | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 1 | 15 | - |
fluazifop-p-butyl | Khoebo L | 1.0 - 2.0 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | - | 45 | 1 | 15 | 15 |
rimsulfuron | Prism, Rimsulfuron | 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | E seng ionic | SG | LH | 12 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
metsxydim | Ultra ea poso | 0.32-1.1 L / ha + 1-2 L / ha ho palama maqhubu | Kopanya kapa Thusa | EC | VLH | 12 | 80 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Tlhahiso: DF - Dry Flowable; EC - Emulsifiable Khopolo-taba; SN - Tharollo; SU - Ho fanyeha; SG - Granule e qhibilihang Kotsi: LH - Kotsi e tlase; VLH - Kotsi e tlase haholo Tlhokomeliso: 1) Litefiso li hlahisoa bakeng sa libopeho tse 356 g tse sebetsang / L. Sheba lengolo le itseng la sehlahisoa ho netefatsa litefiso tse nepahetseng tsa kopo. Etsa kopo kamora hore lehola le hlahe, empa pele litapole li hlaha, ha ho na ts'ebetso ea masalla. |
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Mefuta ea limela tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko linaheng tsa Europe e sa tsoa fokotseha ka potlako, 'me matla a tsamaiso ea litsebi tsa tikoloho ea EU a matla haholo. Morao tjena, linuron, diquat li ne li thibetsoe, ho na le lipuo tse mabapi le thibelo ea metribuzin. Ka hona, ho na le limolek'hule tse 'maloa feela tse sebetsang melaong ea ts'ireletso ea litapole tsa Jeremane le linaha tse ling tsohle tsa litapole tsa 2020 (Tafole ea 5). Ka tšilafalo e phahameng ea masimo, ho kgothaletswa hore o sebelise nakong ea pele ho hlaha mefuta ea bandur + zenkor, novotron + zenkor, proman + novotron, artist + centium 36 (Letlapa la 2,5).
Tafole ea 5. Mefuta ea likokoana-hloko Jeremane ka selemo sa 2020.
Mofoka | Lithethefatsi | GHS | Lithibelo tsa kopo | WZ | Norma | Litlhaloso |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mofoka o nang le dicotyledonous weeds, selemo le selemo bluegrass | Boxer (prosulfocarb) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) limithara NT145,146,170 | F | 4,5 - 5,0 lilithara | Khahlanong le mofoka o monocotyledonous le dicotyledonous. Pele e mela, nakoana pele lithunya tsa litapole li hlaha. Sebelisa motsoako le Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha khahlanong le chamomile, mountaineer, white white. Sebelisa mocheso o phahameng le mongobo o tlase lijalong tse thata (mohlala, meroho, litlama, li-beet, ...) li lokela ho qojoa |
Boxer Sencor Liquid Pack (prosulfocarb + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NW706 NT103,145,146,170 | 42 | 3,0 - 5,0 lilithara + 0,3 - 0,5 lilithara | Khahlanong le mofoka o monocotyledonous le dicotyledonous. Pele e mela, nakoana pele lithunya tsa litapole li hlaha. Sebelisa motsoako le Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha khahlanong le chamomile, mountaineer, white white. Sebelisa mocheso o phahameng le mongobo o tlase lijalong tse thata (mohlala, meroho, litlama, li-beet, ...) li lokela ho qojoa | |
Mofoka o nang le dicotyledonous weeds, selemo le selemo bluegrass | Metsi a Sencor (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | 42 | 0,9 l | Khahlanong le lehola la selemo le selemo la dicotyledonous. Kamora ho theoa ha mapheo, nakoana pele e hlaha. |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 0,75 lik'hilograma | ||
Sencor mokelikeli (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,4 - 0,6 lilithara | Khahlanong le mofoka. Haholo-holo mobu oa humus o nang le mofoka ho fihlela ho 5 cm, litapole ho fihlela ho cm 10. Ha e khahlanong le bethe ea bethe. Boikutlo bo sa tšoaneng, ka kopo hlokomela! | |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,3-0,5 kg | ||
Metric (metribuzin + clomazone) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW701, NT109,127,149 | F | 1,5 l | Pele ho hlaha, khahlano le mofoka oa lijo-thollo le dicotyledonous. E kopantsoe le Bandur kapa Proman bakeng sa ponahalo e sireletsehileng le e pharalletseng. Ha ho ts'ebeliso ea tlhahiso ea peo. | |
Mofoka o nang le dicotyledonous peo, selemo le selemo bluegrass, crabgrass | Letamo la Novitron (alconifene + clomazone) | 07 08 09 | NW - (20/15/5) m NW701, NT108,127,149 | F | 2,4 lik'hilograma | Pele ho nako ea ho mela, haufi le litoropo tse entsoeng |
Mofoka o nang le dicotyledonous peo, selemo le selemo bluegrass, crabgrass | Arcade (prosulfocarb + Metribuzin) | 09 | NW - (- / - / 5) m NW706, NT112,145,146,170, NG405 | F | 4,0 - 5,0 lilithara | Pele ho hlaha, pele ho hlaba 'me hamorao ho ea sethaleng sa BBCH 15. Sebelisa mochesong o phahameng le mongobo o tlase lijalong tse thata (mohlala, meroho, litlama, li-beet, ...) li lokela ho qojoa |
Moetsi oa litšoantšo (flufenacet + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,0 lik'hilograma | Pele ho nako. Mobu o bobebe ho fihla ho 2,0 kg / ha, mobung o mahareng le o boima ho fihla ho 2,5 kg / ha. Sebelisa mobu oa humus haholo ha ho na thuso. Hlokomela ho lumellana ho fapaneng. | |
NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,5 lik'hilograma | ||||
Mofoka o nang le dicotyledonous peo, selemo le selemo bluegrass, crabgrass | Cato (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,3 k FHS | Ha limela tsa litapole li le bolelele ba 5-20 cm, qoba ho koahela lehola ka makhasi a litapole. Eseng ka litapole tsa peo kapa mefuta ea pejana haholo kapa ea pele. |
Rimuron 25 WG (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,2 k FHS | ||
Proman (methobromuron) | 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NG404, NT102 | F | 2,0 - 3,0 lilithara | Pele ho hlaha. Khahlanong le moalo, ho hlokahala motsoako oa 2,0 l / ha Proman + mohlala Metric 1,0 l / ha kapa Boxer 3,0 l / ha. | |
Lijo-thollo, ho sa kenyellelitsoe mofuta o moputsoa oa selemo | Agil-S (tlhahiso-leseling) | 07 09 | F | 0,5 - 1,0 lilithara | Kamora ho mela lehola, sethaleng sa 2-4- Sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso se ea ntlafatsoa ho latela mofuta oa lijo-thollo. Lekhasi. Sekhahla se phahameng khahlanong le joang bo sa feleng, lehlaka le sedges. | |
Tsepamisa maikutlo Aktiv Pack = Focus Ultra + Dash (cycloxydime) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 1,0 - 1,5 lilithara + 1,0 -1,5 lilithara |
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Fusilade MAX (fluazifop-P-ethyl) | 07 08 09 | NT101 | 90 | 1,0 l | ||
Targa Super (quasilofopethyl) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 49 | 0,75 - 1,25 lilithara | ||
Lijo-thollo le setopo sa lijo-thollo | Khetha 240 EC + Radiamix (cellodim) | 07 08 09 | NT108 | 60 | 0,75 + 1,0 k | Kamora ho mela ho tloha ho BBCH 12 ho isa ho koaloeng ha likhahla tse arohaneng ho isa ho BBCH 29. Khahlanong le bluegrass ea selemo le selemo sethaleng sa ngoliso. |
Ka boteng ba joang ba koro bo hahabang | Cato | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) limithara NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,18 k 20 g + 0,12 k | Khahlanong le mofoka oa lijo-thollo le dicotyledonous. Ho fafatsa ka tatellano bolelele ba cm 5-20 ka nako ea matsatsi a 8-10. Eseng tlhahiso ea peo le mefuta ea pejana haholo kapa ea pele |
Rimuron 25WG | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) limithara NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,2 k 20 g + 0,2 k |
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Tsepamisa maikutlo Aktiv Pack = Focus Ultra + Dash | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 2,5 + 2,5 k | Kamora ho hlaha ha litapole khahlano le joang ba koro 15-20 cm ka bolelele. Boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo rata phello. The Select 240 EC e boetse e hapa maikutlo a lefielo. | |
Fusilade MAX | 07 08 09 | NT103 | 90 | 2,0 l | ||
Khetha 240 EC + Radiamix | 07 08 09 | NT109 | 60 | 1,0 + 1,0 k | ||
Targa e kholo | 05 07 08 09 | NT102 | 49 | 2,0 l | ||
*) - boloka melao e ikhethileng ea naha bakeng sa hole le litopo tsa metsi! GHS - sehlopha sa kotsi; WZ ke nako ea ho leta.
Bahlahisi ba litapole ba Russia ba lumelloa ka molao ho sebelisa litlama tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tse ipapisitseng le glyphosate, diquat, MCPA, metribuzin, prometrin, prosulfocarb, flurochloridone le kopanyo ea flufenacet + metribuzin nakong ea pele ho hlaha. Kamora ho mela, lintho tse latelang li ile tsa lumelloa: cethodim, rimsulfuron, propaquasifop, cycloxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, chizalofopethyl le litokisetso tse kopaneng tse thehiloeng ho cletodim le haloxyfop-R - methyl. Limolek'hule tse ngata tse ka bang molemo tse sebetsang (clomazone, bentazone, eptam, C-metolachlor, pendimethalin, jj.) Le tsona li sebelisoa ka molao lijalong tse ling, empa ha li na tumello ea semmuso bakeng sa litapole. Phapang lipakeng tsa moriana oa Russia oa litlama tsa litapole ho ea ka anti-cereal spectrum ha e na thuso; karolong e ka sehloohong ea lehola le nang le makhasi a maholo, li bonahala ka ho ba sieo ha litokisetso tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale tse kopaneng, lintho tse sebetsang tse sebetsang le sebopeho sa ts'ebeliso. Haeba linaheng tse ling ho sebelisoa litokisetso tse fapaneng, ho etsa mohlala, naheng ea England herbicide No. 1 ka litapole e ne e le nako e telele joale e se e ntse e thibetsoe melaoana (sa feiga. 1), naheng ea rona metribuzin le libolayalehola tsa rimsulfuronic li etella pele ka moeli o moholo.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Libaka tsa kalafo ea litlama tsa litapole England, 2015.
Metribuzin e ka baka liphetoho tsa phytotoxic mefuteng e mengata. Karabelo ea limela tsa litapole ho ntho ena e sebetsang e ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata: litšobotsi tsa lefutso tsa mefuta-futa, nako ea kalafo, bongata ba pula le mocheso oa moea kamora ho sebelisoa, litaba tsa manyolo mobung. Nako le nako, karabelo ea phytotoxic e hlaha ha litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho ntho ena e sebetsang li sebelisoa kamora ho mela ha limela tsa litapole. Maemong a sa thabiseng, ho etsahala ha eona ho ka etsahala kamora ho sebelisoa ha sebolayalehola nakong ea pele ho hlaha (foto 3,4).
Ts'ebetso ea phytotoxic e bohlokoa haholo tlhahiso ea peo, hobane e ka etsa hore ho be thata kapa ho khonehe ho tsamaisa khetho e mpe ka nepo ka lebaka la matšoao a ts'oanang le ponahatso ea mafu a vaerase. Ke 'nete, ka linako tse ling lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho metribuzin li thusa ho hloekisa haeba motsoako oa varietal o na le kutlo e phahameng ho AI e fanoeng. (setšoantšo 3). Tlhahisong ea khoebo, tšenyo e tsoang ho metribuzin e ka baka ho fokotseha ha chai le ho fokotseha ha palo ea methapo, e tsejoang haholo mefuteng e nang le nako e khuts'oane ea kholo, e nang le nako e nyane haholo ea ho fumana chlorophyll. Mesebetsi e mengata e mabapi le karabelo ea limela tse nang le phytotoxic ea litlama tse sebelisitsoeng e hatisa hore chai e fokotseha ka tšenyo e eketsehang. Ho latela liphuputsong tse ling hore matšoao a manyane a phytotoxicity ha a fokolise chai feela, empa, ho fapana le hoo, keketseho e hlokomeloa ka phello e phahameng ea ho hatella mofoka. Ka hona, tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng ka phytotoxicity ea metribuzin bakeng sa mefuta e ikhethileng ea litapole e etsa hore ho khonehe ho theha molao o bolokehileng oa ts'ebeliso ea sebolayalehola se itseng.
Ho na le likhothaletso tsa European Society for Weed Research (EWRC) bakeng sa ho beha phytotoxicity (Lethathamo la 6). Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho thata haholo ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng ka mefuta. Haeba u ikemela ka nosi ho sheba mofuta o mong le o mong o mocha oa phytotoxicity, nako ea ho hlahisoa ha sebolayalehola e tla fela. Ka hona, likhothaletso tsa lifeme tse ikatisang li lokela ho lateloa. Tšobotsi ena ea mefuta-futa e bohlokoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng, 'me maemong a mangata lifeme tse etellang pele tsa ho ikatisa li tlameha ho e qotsa.
Tafole ea 6. EWRС sekala sa kutlo ea limela ho sebolayalehola
Tekanyo | Litšobotsi tsa tšenyo | Boitšoaro ba boits'oaro, lintlha tsa sekala | Mofuta oa tšenyo ea karolo ea moeeng ea limela |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Ha ho na tšenyo | Ha e na kutloelo-bohloko | Ha ho na tšenyo |
2. | Matšoao a bonolo haholo | Kutloisiso e tlase (1,1 -2,0) | Ho bonesoa ha leseli la methapo ea lekhasi kapa methapong ea makhasi |
3. | Matšoao a bonolo | Kutloisiso e mahareng (2,1 -4,0) | Ho bonesoa ka matla ha methapo ea lekhasi kapa methapong ea makhasi |
4. | Matšoao a Matla - Hase Kotulo Kamehla | Mabone le necrosis ea makhasi a makhasi - ho fihlela ho 2% | |
5. | Tšenyo ea matšoafo | Ho ba le kutloisiso e eketsehileng (4,1 - 6,0) | Ho bonesoa le necrosis ea makhasi - ho fihlela ho 10% |
Tšenyo e matla - necrosis | Ho bonesoa le necrosis ea makhasi - ho fihlela ho 25% | ||
6. | Tšenyo e matla - necrosis | Boikutlo bo phahameng (> 6,1) | Ho bonesoa le necrosis ea makhasi - ho fihlela ho 50% |
7. | Tšenyo e mpe haholo | Ho bonesoa le necrosis ea makhasi - ho fihlela ho 75% | |
8. | Ho felisa limela ka botlalo | Tšenyo e felletseng ea karolo e ka holimo ea limela |
Ka tšobotsi ea khetho ea litapole HZPC Sadokas e fana ka likhakanyo tse latelang tsa kutloisiso ho metribuzin: ho se tsotelle, ho se utloisisehe hanyane, ho se tsotelle, ho se utloisisehe hantle, ho ba le kutlo ka ho lekana, ho ba le maikutlo a itekanetseng le ho ba bonolo. Kapa ho bontšoa hore ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa metribuzin pele e mela. Ho thata haholo ho aha tatellano ea tlhatlhobo ka mantsoe a joalo. Solana o etsa likhothaletso tse ikhethang. Ha a tsotelle - Arosa, Rosara, Felox, Zekura, Red Lady, Rodriga, Mofumahali Anne, Miranda, Opal, Figaro, Verdi. E na le maikutlo, sebelisa 250 g / ha ea mertibuzin ho lipeo - Natasha, Labella, Leoni, Lapperla, Caruso, Lyudmila. Se ke oa sebelisa metribuzin-Vitesse ho lipeo. Agrico e sebelisa lintlha. Ha e khahlanong le metribuzin (lintlha tse 3 ho tse 9); ho ba le kutloelo-bohloko e phahameng, ho hanyetsa bofokoli (lintlha tse 5-6) - ts'ebeliso kamora ho mela e lebisa ho soeufala ha litlhoro le ho fokotseha ha chai; ho ba le kutlo e mahareng (lintlha tse 6-7 ho tse 9) - ts'ebeliso ea kamora ho hlaha e ka lebisa ho sohlokehang ha litlhoro, empa ntle le ho fokotsa chai; ho ba le kutloisiso e tlase (lintlha tse 8 ho tse 9) - ha ho na liphetoho tse mpe. Kahoo, sekala sa Agrico se hahiloe ka tatellano e khutšoane, se bonts'itsoeng kamanong le sekala sa EWRC. Ka sekala sa feme, lintlha tsa 9 li bolela kutlo e tlase ho metribuzin, mme sekaleng sa EWRC, se phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
Europlant e khetholla mefuta e meraro ea mefuta ho fapana le metribuzin - e sa tsotelleng, e sa tsotelleng habonolo, mme lethal dose ea ntho kamora ho mela le tlameha ho fetoloa ho qoba tšenyo. Norika ha e fane ka tlhaiso-leseling, leha ho tsebahala ka tloaelo hore mefuta e meng e hlokolosi haholo (Molly, Vega). Ho ea ka mefuta ea Stet, e bonts'oa - ho hanela ka matla, ho hanela ka mahareng, ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, ho ba bonolo, ho ba thata haholo. Mefuta ea litapole ea khetho ea Doka - Gennye Tekhnologii LLC - Carmen, Prime, Indigo, Kalinka, Flamingo ha ba tsotelle metribuzin qalong ea sehla sa ho hola. Lingoliloeng, motho a ka fumana leseli le arohaneng mabapi le ho hanyetsa mefuta ea Belarusi, tlhaiso-leseling ea semmuso ka mefuta ea Russia e ne e sa fumanehe. Ka tlase ke tšobotsi e ikemetseng ea mefuta e kantle ho naha e atileng naheng (Letlapa la 7). Litsebi tsa Jeremane li khetholla ho hanyetsa metribuzine ka mefuta ea Vineta, Red Fantasy, Vega, Madeira, Verdi, Europrima, BP 808, Lady Claire (Scheid L. et al., 2020).
Tafole ea 7. Kutloisiso ea lijalo tsa litapole ho metribuzin, ts'ebeliso ea morao-rao ea 350 g. V-va / ha metribuzin, (Urbanowicz, 2019)
Tekanyo | di lekolane | Mefuta e fapaneng |
---|---|---|
1 | Ha e na kutloelo-bohloko | Felzina, Satina, Saturn, Cerata, Labadia, Canberra, Colomba, Sebete |
1,1 -2,0. | Kutloisiso e tlase | Accent, Arsenal, Bellarosa, Verdi, Delicate, Impala, Karatop, Karlena, Lyudmila, Madeleine, Manitou, Markis, Melody, Roco, Russet Burbank, Saline, Ramos, Mozart, Challenger |
2,1 - 4,0. | Karolelano ea kutloisiso | Agria, Arizona, Asterix, Bellaprima, Brooke, Colette, El Mundo, Gala, Jelly, Curas, Lady Claire, Madeira, Mondeo, Pyrol, Mofumahali Anne, Red Fantasy, Red Sonja, Riviera, Sagitta, BP 808, Panther, Sylvanas, Red Scarlett, Nevsky, Timo, Sifra, Jarla, Crispforol |
4,1 -6,0. | Ho ba le kutloisiso e eketsehileng | Motsu, Eurostar, Innovator, Molly, Rosalind, Sante, Vineta, Rosalind, Fabula |
7,1 -9,0. | Ho ba le kutloisiso e phahameng | Fresco |
Ka kutlo e phahameng ea mefuta-futa (lintlha tsa EWRC tse kaholimo ho 5), litlama tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tse ipapisitseng le metribuzin (haholo-holo, zenkor) li ka sebelisoa kamora ho hlaha ka tekanyo e sa feteng 0,5 l, kg / ha. Ho seng joalo, ponahalo ea phytotoxicity le ho fokotseha ha chai li ka khonahala. Haeba kutlo e feta lintlha tse 7, kopo ea kamora ho hlaha ha e ratehe haholo. Ka mose ho maoatle, metribuzin e hloekileng e alafshoa haholo, ha ho khothaletsoe ho e sebelisa mefuteng e nang le lekhapetla le lesoeu, litokisetso tse tsoakiloeng le metsoako ea litanka tse nang le sekhahla se tlase sa zenko li na le monyetla. Hoa hlokahala ho ela hloko litšobotsi tsa mefuta ea litapole ka kutloisiso ea metribuzin tlhahiso ea peo, kaha ponahalo ea necrosis makhasi e sotha boemo ba boteng ba mafu a vaerase mme e sa lumelle temo e nepahetseng ea limela tse kulang, tse amang boleng ba peo ka kotloloho.
Boemo bo ts'oana le libolayalehola tse thehiloeng ho rimsulfuron. Tite le lipapiso tse ngata li boetse li baka ho soeufala ha lekhasi la lekhasi kapa le kopi e nepahetseng ea matšoao a litšoantšo tsa litapole (foto 5,6). Limela hangata li hlaphoheloa bothateng bona nakong ea matsatsi a 7-10 kamora kalafo, ntle le tšusumetso ea letho ho lihlahisoa. Tlas'a maemo a khatello ea tikoloho joalo ka maemo a leholimo a pholileng, a mongobo kapa a chesang le a mongobo, 'me hamorao a sebelisoa ho litapole tse telele, kalafo ea rimsulfuron e ka baka kotsi e kholo. Ho fokotsa menyetla ea tšenyo ea litapole, ho kgothaletswa hore sebolayalehola sena se sebelisoe kamora bonyane matsatsi a mararo a latellanang a leholimo le chesang.
Ntho ea bohlokoa ea mefuta-futa ponts'ong ea phytotoxicity e fokotsa menyetla ea ho sebelisa metribuzin le rimsulfuron ho litapole tse holang peo. U hloka ho tsepamisa mohopolo tšebelisong ea lintho tsena pele u hlaha kapa ts'ebeliso ea tse ling tsa d.v. Jeremane, ho kgothaletswa ho sebetsa le moriana o bolayang dibolaya lehola, boxer, bandura le novitron ka sebopeho se hlwekileng kapa metswakong ya mefuta e mamelwang ke zenkora (Tafole 2,5). Ho la USA le Canada, ho fanoa ka pele ho litokisetso tse kopantsoeng kapa metsoako ea litanka e nang le sekhahla se tlase sa metribuzine (Letlapa la 4). Ha se likhetho tsohle ho tsoa ho tse sebelisoang linaheng tse ling tse fumanehang ho balemi ba litapole tsa Russia, empa mefuta ea libolayalehola tsa litapole e sa tsoa hlaha e lekane. Leha ho le joalo, phello ho boleng ba litapole tsa peo, ho kenyeletsoa le litlamorao, e tlameha ho tsotelloa, pele ho tsohle, mabapi le likokoana-hloko tse tsoelang pele. Tsena ke litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho glyphosate, diquat, ammonium glufosinate. Boitsebiso bo bongata bo bokelletsoe lingoliloeng tsa lefats'e ka glyphosate maemong a litlamorao tse mpe ho litapole tsa peo. Kakaretso ea likokoana-hloko ha ea lokela ho fumana limela tsa litapole le lipeo. Ke feela mapetso a mobu le mapetso a tsoang ho litapole tse melang (foto 7) phihlello e bulehileng, setlhare ha se ananeloe ke semela feela, empa se fetisoa le ka bana. Matšoao a mantlha a tšenyo ea glyphosate ho litapole a setšoantšong sa 8, mathata a tuberization le matšoao a li-tubers a setšoantšong sa 9,10. Selemong se hlahlamang, phello ea glyphosate e bonahala ka ho fokotseha ha ho mela le ho fokolisa limela. (foto 11,12) mme sephetho se hlaha ho fihlela lilemo tse tharo.
Tšenyo e ts'oanang ea litapole tsa peo e bakoa ke libolaea tse sa amaneng hantle - clopyralid, dicamba, sulfonylureas, eo matšoao a eona a bonts'itsoeng setšoantšong sa 13,14, 15. Ha e le hantle, ha ho motho ea li sebelisang ka ho khetheha litapole. Litapole li ka bakoa feela ke ho foka ha moea ho tsoa masimong a mang le masala ho sprayer ka ho hlatsoa ka bohlasoa kapa ka ho hloka. Hona ho sebetsa le ho dibolayalehola tse tsoelang pele. (setšoantšo 16). Ho na le lintlha tsa tšenyo ea litapole tsa peo le chlorprofam tse sebelisitsoeng litsing tsa polokelo ho thibela ho mela ha litapole tsa litapole (foto XNUMX). Sesebelisoa sena se matla hoo se amang ho mela ha peo e haufinyane kapa se bolokiloeng ka likamoreng tse tšoaroang ke chlorprofam selemong se fetileng.
Kahoo, taolo e tšepahalang ea mahola e bohlokoa tlhahisong ea peo ea mofoka ea boleng bo holimo. Mofoka ha o fokolise chai feela, empa o boetse o kenya letsoho ho senya mafu ho litapole. Mefuta ea sejoale-joale ea litlama tsa litapole e na le mabitso a mangata, empa tokiso ka 'ngoe e na le meeli ea eona ts'ebelisong. Ha peo ea litapole e hola, tšenyo ea limela ka litlama-litlama ha ea lokela ho lumelloa, hobane litlamorao tse mpe tsa sena li bonahala melokong e tlang.