Mmoto oa litapole Phthorimaea operculella Zeller ke sesenyi se kotsi sa ho arola batho, se atileng lik'honthinenteng tsohle moo ho lengoang litapole
Ho rarolla moth ea litapole ho etsahetse ka methapo e nang le tšoaetso, e ileng ea romeloa kantle ho naha ho tsoa libakeng tsa Amerika Boroa, 'me ea ntan'o tloha setsing sa bobeli sa likokoanyana (ho latela data ea Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIKR).
Russia Federation, tšoele ea litapole e fumanoe ka 1981-1983. libakeng tse fapaneng lebopong la Leoatle le Letšo la Caucasus, ho tloha Anapa ho ea Adler.
Limela tsa furu bakeng sa tšoele ea litapole lia lengoa le limela tse hlaha tsa lelapa la Solanaceae: litapole, eggplant, koae, physalis, henbane, datura. Ho tsona, disenyi e hola ka botlalo mme e fana ka bana ba nonneng. Pelepele, tamati le baemeli ba bang ba li-nightshades li senyehile hanyane. Libakeng tse ntle bakeng sa kholo le nts'etsopele ea tse senyang lijalo, haholoholo linaheng tse chesang tse mongobo, lijalo tse kotutsoeng li ka senngoa ka botlalo ke sesenyi sena.
Tšoele ea litapole e hlaha ntle le khefu. Sekhahla se tlase sa nts'etsopele ke + 10 ° С, e kaholimo ke 35 ° С. Nts'etsopele e etsahala khafetsa kahare ho mekhahlelo ena ea mocheso. Lithemparetjha tse ka tlase ho -4 ° C le kaholimo ho + 36 ° C, methati eohle ea kholo ea shoa. Nako ea nts'etsopele e ipapisitse le mocheso. Ka mocheso o motle oa 20-27 ° C, moloko o le mong oa litapole o hlaha matsatsing a 28-30, mme ho 8-20 ° C, matsatsi a -120-150.
Libakeng tsa polokelo tse nang le mocheso o laoloang o nang le taolo e nepahetseng ea polokelo ea + 3 ... + 5 ° C nakong ea likhoeli tse 4-5, methati eohle ea kholo ea likokonyana e shoa kapa e ke ke ea khonahala. Lirurubele li fofa mathoasong a selemo 'me li fumanoa ho fihlela mafelong a Mphalane. Lehlabuleng, lirurubele li sebetsa ka shoalane, hang ka mor'a hore letsatsi le likele le pele letsatsi le chaba. Ka hoetla ea lehlabula, e etsahala motšehare, e matla haholo ho 18 ° C. Lirurubele ha li fofa mochesong o ka tlase ho 13 ° C.
Imago e phela matsatsi a 10-12. Tsehali li behela mahe a 60-110 ka karolelano, mahe a maholo - mahe a 400. Palo e phahameng ea lirurubele e bonoa pele ho kotuloa litapole.
Mmoto wa litapole o hibernate ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea kholo, empa ke feela popane ea bone le li-pupae tse qetileng ho fepa li ka fisang. Li-overwinters tse senyang lijalo ka litšila tsa limela, mobung ka botebo ba 5-7 cm, libakeng tsa polokelo.
Sethala se senyang ke seboko, se senyang makhasi, bakoang le methapo. Li-tubers tse lenngoeng li senyehile ha feela li fihla holimo kapa ho na le mapetso a mobu kaholimo ho tsona. Maemong a Russian Federation, moth ea litapole ha e ame chai ea litapole tšimong. Kotsi e ka sehloohong e etsoa nakong ea polokelo ea methapo, haholo-holo litsing tsa polokelo tse nang le lithemparetjha tse sa laoloang ho 10-15 ° C le kaholimo. Li-tubers tse tsamaeang le likokoanyana le mantle ka tlas'a letlalo le makhasi ha li bolokoe hantle, li senyeha haholo ke mafu, 'me li lahleheloa ke tlhahiso le boleng.
Ha o lema lijalo tsa nightshade, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe mekhahlelo ea mokhatlo, moruo le agrotechnical:
- Ho chenchana ha lijalo le ho potoloha ha lijalo bonyane lilemo tse tharo, ka boikarabello ba sebaka se arohaneng ba lijalo tse ncha masimong a khale le mabenkeleng a meroho bonyane kilomitara e le 'ngoe;
- ts'enyo e hlophisehileng ea ho ikatisa ea limela tse lenngoeng le tse holang tse hlaha ha ho qhoma moth ea litapole;
- bakeng sa ho lema litapole, peo e phetseng hantle feela e lokela ho sebelisoa. Ho lema mobu o futhumetseng (botebo ba ho futhumatsa ka 14 cm). Ha li hola, limela li lokela ho lula li qhekelloa, li qoba ho pepesa methapo, ho nosetsa;
- kotulo e lokela ho etsoa kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang qalong ea bosehla ba litlhoro. Matsatsi a 5-7 pele ho kotuloa litapole, ho hlokahala hore u kuta le ho senya karolo e ka holimo. Litapole tse chekiloeng li lokela ho tlosoa sebakeng seo letsatsi le leng le le leng, methapo e senyehileng e senyehileng le masala a mang a limela a lokela ho senngoa hanghang.
Ha o lema le nakong ea kholo ea litapole, ho bohlokoa ho etsa mehato ea ts'ireletso khahlano le likokoanyana tse rarahaneng, ho kenyeletsoa kalafo ea methapo pele o lema ka litokisetso tsa moriana o bolaeang likokoanyana o ngoliselitsoeng merero ena "State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals" le ho fafatsa Nakong ea nako ea ho hola ho latela litloaelo le melao ea ts'ebeliso ea bona nakong ea ho qala ha kolone le Colorado litapole maleshoane (ho elella bofelong ba Mmesa - qalong ea Mots'eanong) ho fihlela qetellong ea litapole tse thunyang ka nako ea matsatsi a 10-14. Ka kalafo e phetakoang nakong e le 'ngoe ea selemo, ho thibela nts'etsopele ea ho hanyetsa likokonyana, likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana tse tsoang lihlopheng tse fapaneng li lokela ho fetoloa kapa litokisetso tse tsoakaneng tse tsoakaneng li lokela ho sebelisoa.
Litapole li lokela ho bolokoa ka mocheso oa + 3 ... + 5 ° С - ka tlasa moeli oa nts'etsopele ea likokoanyana (+10 ° С). Hlomella polokelo ea litapole ka tsela e tla thibela lirurubele tsa litapole ho fofa. Pele o beha polokelo, ho hlokahala hore o fafatse moaho ka litokisetso tse thehiloeng ho aluminium phosphide le ho phekola methapo ea litapole ka tharollo ea 1% ea tokiso ea microbiological Lepidocid P, SK, SK-M ka ho inela li-tubers ka ho emisoa ha 1% ea ho itokisetsa metsotso e 4-5 ka lebelo la lilithara tse 100 ho lithane tse 15 tsa litapole, kamora moo li omisoa moriting ebe lia bolokoa.
E bale ka botlalo: https://www.agroxxi.ru/