Nakong ea temo ea 2022, sebaka se jetsoeng tlas'a li-beet tsa tsoekere se ile sa lula se batla se tšoana le sa 2021, se ntse se hola, ho ea ka Rosstat, ka 2% feela. Maemo a leholimo libakeng tse ngata tsa temo ea motso oa lijalo a rata kholo ea eona. Ho pholosa lijalo tsa tsoekere ho tsoa ho mafu, k'hamphani "August" e file lihoai mefuta e mengata e atolositsoeng ea lithethefatsi tse atlehileng ho feta liteko, ho sebetsana ka katleho le mafu le ho eketsa tlhahiso ea lijalo.
Maloetse a ka sehloohong a beet ea tsoekere ka tloaelo a kenyelletsa phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, powdery hlobo, cercosporosis. Leha ho le joalo, Russia kajeno, cercosporosis le powdery hlobo ke tsona tse atileng haholo le tse kotsi. Mafu ana a fokotsa chai, a fokotsa tsoekere ea lijalo tsa metso 'me a senya matla a tsona a polokelo.
Sesosa sa phori se hlaha feela semeleng se phelang. Letlapa le lesoeu, e leng letšoao le ka sehloohong la lefu lena, le na le mycelium ea fungus ea pathogen, limela tse nang le likokoana-hloko ho eona le li-spores bakeng sa ho ikatisa ha asexual - conidia, e fanang ka meloko e mengata nakong ea selemo le ho tšoaetsa limela tse ncha. Fungus e bolokiloe masalla a limela, lipeo, lijalo tsa motso tse setseng tšimong ho tloha selemong se fetileng. Ho loantša lefu lena, ke habohlokoa ho shebella theknoloji ea temo, empa ka tekanyo e phahameng ea tšenyo, phekolo ea fungicide ke eona feela pheko e ka tšeptjoang.
Cercosporosis ha e ame feela li-beet tse tsoekere, empa le lijalo tse ling tse ngata le mofoka. E hlaha makhasi ka mokhoa oa matheba a sootho a pota-potileng a nang le moeli o mofubelu kapa o mofubelu o mofubelu. The pathogen overwinters e le mycelium ka litlhōrō tsa khale, ka pericarp ea peo, ka uterine metso. Lefu lena le hlaha ka matla le ho feta ka lilemo le ho fapanyetsana ho chesang ho chesang le mongobo o futhumetseng oa leholimo. Phetoho ea lijalo e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea cercosporosis, empa ka lebaka la mefuta e mengata ea limela tse amohelang fungus, tšebeliso ea li-fungicides hangata ha ea lekana.
“Ho ipapisitse le maemo a leholimo a nako ea selemo, hangata bo bong ba mafu ana a mabeli bo hlahella. Mathata a lihoai a tobaneng le tsona a tloaelehile, motho a ka re, a reriloe. Mapolasi a mang a se a ntse a etsa liphekolo tsa pele tsa thibelo ea fungicidal nakong ea hona joale. Ka boroa (Krasnodar le Stavropol) ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa tšebeliso ea li-fungicides le ho fokotseha ha nako e pakeng tsa phekolo ho hlokomeloa, hangata ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe phekolo ea boraro ea fungicidal, - ho bolela Vladimir Peshekhonov, setsebi se ka sehloohong. lefapha la nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa Avgust Firm JSC sebakeng sa Central Black Earth.
Ka lilemo tse ngata, balemi ba li-beet ba 'nile ba sebelisa litokisetso tse joalo ho tloha k'hamphani ea August e kang Rayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro ho loantša mafu a metso. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea tsoekere e atolohile ka lebaka la ho hlahisoa ha lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho lisebelisoa tse ncha, tse sebetsang le tse sebetsang haholoanyane - mohlala, epoxiconazole le tetraconazole ho tloha sehlopheng sa thiazole. Lisebelisoa tsena tse sebetsang ke karolo ea litokisetso tsa Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) le Spirit (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). Motheong oa azoxystrobin "August" e boetse e hlahisa fungicide "Baly" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"Mantsoe a seng makae ka azoxystrobin: ha e ntse e le ka har'a boka ba lekhasi, e sireletsa limela khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse ncha tsa likokoana-hloko tsa fungal. 'Me hammoho le triazoles, e khona ho emisa tšoaetso e seng e ntse e tsoela pele le ho emisa sporulation ha ho ka etsahala ho lieha ho phekoloa, "ho bolela Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Sebolaya-fungi "Tirada" (tiram + difenoconazole) le sona se bontshitse tshepiso ya sona. Thiram e fana ka ketso e matla ea ho ikopanya khahlanong le li-fungus tsa pathogenic le libaktheria. Kalafo e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ea prophylactic ka lithethefatsi ena ke ho sireletsa khahlanong le li-spores tse melang holim'a lekhasi.
Liteko tsa lihlahisoa tse ncha li 'nile tsa tsoela pele ka lilemo tse' maloa: mohlala, litekong tse thehiloeng ho All-Russian Research Institute ea Sugar Beet le Tsoekere e reheletsoeng ka A.L. Mazlumov sebakeng sa Voronezh, se neng se tšoaretsoe 2017-2019. Li-fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baly" le "Tirada" li bontšitse katleho e phahameng ha li bapisoa le merero ea setso - tšebeliso ea tsona e entse hore ho khonehe ho eketsa chai ea beet ea tsoekere ka lithane tse 4-5 ka hektare, hammoho le ho eketsa tsoekere ka motso lijalo ka 0,5, 2-XNUMX%.
“Maemong a komello nakong ea kholo, chai e ntle ka ho fetisisa e ile ea fumanoa ka Balia, 0,8 l/ha le Spirit, 0,7 l/ha. Selemong sa metsi, Hecate, 0,8 l / ha, e ile ea e-ba e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa khahlanong le cercosporosis. "Baly", "Moea" le "Hecate" li fokolitse ho ata le nts'etsopele ea cercosporosis ka makhetlo a ka bang 2, phori ea phofo - ka makhetlo a 4-5 ha a bapisoa le taolo ntle le phekolo," o akaretsa Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Litsebi tsa "August" li khothalletsa ho sebelisa li-fungicides tse ka holimo le li-adjuvants "Allur" kapa "Polyphem", e le hore tharollo ea lithethefatsi e hasane hantle holim'a lekhasi, e behoe ka katleho ho eona 'me e qala ho sebetsa ka potlako ho pathogen.