Litapole - seo u se jalang, u se kotula. Seo o lokelang ho se batla ha o lema bohobe ba bobeli ho fihlela chai e ngata
Ka 2018, mefuta e 28 ea litapole e ile ea jaloa tikolohong ea Vladimir, eo har'a eona molumo o moholo o entsoeng ka mefuta e joalo ka: Lady Claire (1890,5 tonnes), Brook (1547 ton), Luck (1000 tons), Newton (425 ton), Hermes (Lithane tse 373), Saturn (lithane tse 275), Rosara (lithane tse 249).
Litsebi tsa mafapha a tikoloho le bohareng ba lekala la Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" tikolohong ea Vladimir li ile tsa hlahloba lithane tse 8107,4 tsa peo ea litapole, tseo ho tsona ho nang le litone tse 6128,4 (76%). Ha ho bapisoa, nakong e tšoanang ea selemong se fetileng, lithane tse 7135,3 tsa lisebelisoa tsa peo ea litapole tse lekiloeng li oele, moo ke 63% feela ea tsona e ileng ea ba le lipehelo.
Palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa peo e sebakeng sa Melenkovsky (lithane tse 2872), Gus-Khrustalny (lithane tse 1485), libaka tsa Murom (lithane tse 1300). Ka kakaretso, sebaka sena se fanoa ka litapole tsa peo ka 78% mme ha e le hantle ke thepa ea li-reproductions tse 1-2 (RP1-РС2 4648 lithane).
Litsebi tsa Setsi sa Temo sa Russia li etsa qeto ea boleng ba litapole li sebelisa tlhahlobo ea methapo, e kenyeletsang ho hlahloba methapo bakeng sa mafu a vaerase le a baktheria, le ho ba mofuta o itseng.
Setšoantšo se bonts'a tlhahlobo ea li-litapole tsa Lady Claire ka tšoaetso ea likokoanyana ...
... le ho bola ho omileng litapole.
Bosiung ba nako e ncha ea ntlo ea matlo ea lehlabula, litsebi tsa Vladimir Rosselkhoztsentr li hopotsa ka tlhoko ea phetoho e fapaneng le ntlafatso e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa peo.
Phetoho ea mefuta-futa ea hlokahala haeba ho se khotsofale ka litšoaneleho tsa mofuta o sebelisitsoeng. Mohlala, e kanna ea angoa habonolo ke mafu, chai e tlase le litšoaneleho tsa tatso, jj. Empa haeba mefuta e fapaneng e khotsofatsa ka botlalo, e lokela ho nchafatsoa nako le nako ho qoba matšoao a mabe a hlahang le ho bokellana nakong ea ho ikatisa. Kahoo ke lilemong tsa pele tsa temo moo mofuta ona o nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba lefutso.
Leha ho le joalo, bothata ba chai e tlase bo ka hlaha leha ho na le khetho e nepahetseng ea mefuta le tlhahiso. Tabeng ena, ho hlokahala hore u hlahlobe mobu bakeng sa boteng ba li-cysts tsa nematata ea khauta (lat.Globodera rostochiensis).
Sebakeng sa Vladimir, li-nematode tsa khauta ea litapole tsa khauta li fumanoe literekeng tse 12 (Aleksandrovsky, Gus-Khrustalny, Kameshkovsky, Kirzhachsky, Kolchuginsky, Kovrovsky, Melenkovsky, Muromsky, Petushinsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky, Suzdalsky, Vladimir toropo). Ka melao-taelo ea 'Musisi oa Setereke sa Vladimir, ho aroloa ho ile ha qobelloa libakeng tsena.
Litapole globoderosis ke a mang a mafu a tebileng a sejalo sena sa bohlokoa. Ka ntle, matšoao a lefu lena a bonahala ka ho fokotseha ha kholo ea semela se seng se ntse se le maemong a pele a ho kena, ho sehla hoa litlhoro ka ho omisa makhasi a kaholimo le ho pona, le ho kobeha ha stems. Metso ea limela tse nang le ts'oaetso e sootho, e khuts'oane ho feta e tloaelehileng mme e na le metso e mengata ea mahlakore. Kahoo, semela se na le bothata ba ho haelloa ke metsi le limatlafatsi.
Ha ho hlahlojoa masimo, li-globoderosis li lula li le ka sebopeho sa letheba le le leng kapa a mang a nang le limela tse bosehla tse tepelletseng. Ka temo ea selemo le selemo ea mefuta e bonolo ea litapole, ho nka lilemo tse 5-6 ho tloha qalehong ea ts'oaetso ho fihlela nako ea ho lemoha ho phatloha.
Ka keketseho ea boemo ba tšoaetso, lihlahisoa tsa litapole lia fokotseha, boleng ba eona boa senyeha (palo le boima ba li-tubers lia fokotseha). Palo ea starch le palo ea vithamine C ho li-tubers li fokotsehile haholo. Khaello ea chai ho litapole globoderosis e ka karolelano ho 10%, molemong oa tšenyo e mpe masimong a litapole a nang le nematode - ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 60% kapa ho feta. Maemong a joalo, tlhaselo ea nematode ea litapole hangata e mpefatsoa ke ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko tse tsamaellanang - libaktheria, livaerase, li-fungus.
Ntoa khahlanong le nematode ea litapole e thata haholo ka lebaka la phetoho e phahameng ea likokoana-hloko sebakeng sa bolulo, e leng: tsebo e moqotetsane ea globodera (lelapa la nightshades), nako e telele (lilemo tse 10-15) ho boloka ts'ebeliso ea li-cysts ha semela se le sieo.
Potoloho ea lijalo e sebetsa haholo khahlano le nematode ea litapole. Litapole li lengoa mobung o silafetseng hangata ho feta lilemo tse 4-5. Ho molemo ho chencha litapole le lijalo tse sa ameheng ke mofuta ona oa li-nematode (k'habeche, clover, litlama tse sa feleng, dill, lettuce, lierekisi, linaoa, jj.).
Ho lengoa ha mefuta ea pele ho sebetsa. Tabeng ena, tahlehelo ea lijalo ea fokotseha, hobane ha kotulo ea pele ea likokoana-hloko e sena nako ea ho phethela potoloho ea bophelo le ho fa bana. Ho lengoa ha mefuta e fapaneng ea litapole e hananang le nematode ho ka fokotsa tšilafalo ea mobu ka li-nematode ka 85-90%. (Likokoana-hloko tse nang le likokoana-hloko tsa limela le likokoanyana / Mohlophisi ea ka sehloohong MD Sonin - M.: Nauka. 2004.)
Hajoale, ho na le mefuta e ka bang 257 e sa thibeleng nematode, e etselitsoeng sebaka sa Central (se kenyeletsang sebaka sa Vladimir) https://reestr.gossort.com/).
Har'a tsona, mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ke: Azhur, Barin, Breeze, Vektar Belorussky, Vzryvnoy, Vineta, Gala, Impala, Labella, Latona, Lady Claire, Manifesto, Meteor, Ragneda, Red Scarlett, Saturna, Skarb, Luck, Uladar, jj.
(Sengoli: Potapova Irina - setsebi sa temo ea limela sa lefapha la tlhahiso ea peo, setsebi sa likamano tsa sechaba sa lekala la Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" tikolohong ea Vladimir).
E bale ka botlalo: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/nazvany-samye-populjarnye-sorta-kartofelja-vo-vladimirskoi-oblasti.html