Ts'ebetso ea pathological ea rhizoctoniosis ea litapole e angoa haholo ke boholo ba palo ea pathogen mobung le li-tubers tsa peo. Tlas'a maemo a Siberia, tšoaetso ea mobu e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ha e bapisoa le tšoaetso ea tuber, leha ho le joalo, likarolong tsa pele tsa tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena, tuber inoculum ke ea bohlokoa haholo.
Ho ela hloko likarolo tse bontšitsoeng tsa likokoana-hloko tsa causative agent ea litapole rhizoctoniosis, ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu lena, ho eketsa chai le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa mekhoa ea temo e fokotsang palo ea lihlahisoa. pathogen ka bobeli li-tubers tsa peo le mobung.
Ha ho na le qaleho e tšoaetsanoang mobung, litapole li ka lengoa ka harese, oats, rapeseed le mosetareta, 'me li-tubers li lokela ho phekoloa ka li-fungicides pele li lema. Joale, karolong ea lipeo, re ka lebella tsoelo-pele ea rhizoctonia ka har'a 9-10%.
Ha u lema lisebelisoa tsa ho jala tse sa phekoloang, letšoao lena le tla eketseha ka 3-5%. Haeba ho ke ke ha khoneha ho lema lijalo ho ea ka ba pele ba ka holimo, e ka behoa ka koro, joale tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena e tla ba boemong ba 14% ka phekolo ea li-tubers le 20% ntle le phekolo.
Haeba mobu oa masimo o ahiloe ke moemeli oa causative oa rhizoctoniosis, joale ho molemo ho lema litapole ho lijalo tse fetileng tse kang oats, rapeseed le mosetareta. Tabeng ena, nts'etsopele ea rhizoctoniosis e tla fihla ho 13-15% ho limela tse hōlileng ho tloha ho li-tubers tse hloekisitsoeng ke fungicides le tse fumanoang lihlahisoa tse sa phekoloang.
Ha u lema lijalo bakeng sa koro le harese, li-tubers li tlameha ho fafatsoa ka sebolaea likokoana-hloko pele u lema, mohlala, Maxim 0,25 KS, e tla fokotsa tšenyo ea litapole ho 7,5%.
Ka karolo ea budding - tšimoloho ea lipalesa mobung o se nang R. solani, tsoelo-pele e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea lefu lena e hlokomeloa bakeng sa batho ba pele ba kang rapeseed le oats - 16 le 19%, ka ho latellana, haeba li-tubers li phekoloa ka sebolaya likokoana-hloko pele li lema. . Pontšo ena e phahame hanyenyane bakeng sa koro, harese le mosetareta - 22-25%. Haeba thepa ea ho jala e sa phekoloe, joale ka nako ena nts'etsopele ea lefu lena ho litapole bakeng sa li-precursors tsa lijo-thollo le mosetareta e fihla hoo e ka bang 27-32%. Mokhelo ke rapeseed, moo nts'etsopele ea rhizoctoniosis e leng 22%.
Ho lengoa ha litapole mobung o tšoaelitsoeng ke R. solani bakeng sa oats, rapeseed le mosetareta hammoho le ho roala ha li-tubers tsa selemo ka Maxim 0,25 KS ho boloka tšoaetso ea lijalo ka rhizoctoniosis boemong ba 26-32%. Bakeng sa harese le koro, palo ena e phahame haholo 'me e lekana le 37-44%. Ho jala litapole mobung o nang le tšoaetso le ho hana ho phekola ho lema li-tubers ka fungicide ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea pathological. Nts'etsopele ea rhizoctoniosis tabeng ena bakeng sa mosetareta ke 33%, bakeng sa harese, oats le rapeseed - 37-40, le bakeng sa koro - 53%.
Ho lengoa ha litapole ka mor'a litapole ho lebisa tšenyo e kholo ea limela ka lefu lena nakong eohle ea ho hōla.
Ho lengoa ha lijalo ho ea ka mefuta e fapaneng ea pele ho eona, hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea sebolaea-mafu, ha se lumelle feela ho laola boemo ba phytosanitary agrocenosis, empa hape le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tse hlahisitsoeng.
Ho behoa ha litapole mobung o se nang causative agent ea rhizoctoniosis, hammoho le tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho jala tse nang le likokoana-hloko, ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho e hōlisa holim'a lijo-thollo tse ka holimo le tsa k'habeche. Tabeng ena, lihlahisoa tsa li-tubers tse phetseng hantle li tsoa ho 19-22 t/ha. Haeba li-tubers li sa phekoloe pele li lema, joale ho fokotseha ha boleng ba lijalo tse ncha hoa bonoa. Pokello ea li-tubers tse phetseng hantle e fokotsehile ka 1-3 t/ha, ho latela lijalo tse fetileng.
Setšoantšo se fapaneng ka ho feletseng se hlaha haeba mobu o tlas'a litapole o tletse fungus. Tabeng ena, ha u apara thepa ea ho lema ka Maxim 0,25 KS, tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ke li-oats, rapeseed le mosetareta. Li u lumella ho eketsa chai ea li-tubers tse phetseng hantle ho fihlela ho 16-18 t/ha, ha koro le harese - ho fihlela ho 13-14 t/ha. Haeba li-tubers li sa phekoloe ka fungicide, joale ho bohlokoa ho lema litapole ho latela ba pele ba ka holimo. Sena se o nolofalletsa ho fumana lijalo tsa li-tubers tsa boleng boemong ba 13-14 t/ha. Koro le harese ke ba pele ho fetisisa ho feta tlas'a maemo ana: mona pontšo ena e tla be e se e le 11-12 t / ha.
Ho lengoa ha litapole ka mor'a litapole ho lebisa ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha boleng ba lihlahisoa tse fumanoeng.
Ke feela ka ho phekola lisebelisoa tsa ho lema ka sebolaya-mafu, o ka fumana 13 t / g ea li-tubers tse phetseng hantle, 'me maemong a mang palo ena ha e fete 8-9 t / ha.
Ho fumana chai e ngata ea litapole tsa boleng bo holimo mobung o se nang causative agent ea rhizoctoniosis, kalafo ea selemo ea li-tubers ka li-fungicides le ts'ebeliso ea koro, harese, oats, rapeseed kapa mosetareta joalo ka lijalo tse fetileng hoa hlokahala.
Ho ba teng ha R. solani mobung ho hloka ntlafatso ea pele ea mobu ka thuso ea oats, rapeseed le mosetareta le moaparo o tlamang oa thepa ea ho lema.
Maemong a phetoho ea lijalo ka phetoho e khuts'oane, molemong oa ho ntlafatsa temo ea litapole ho tsoa ho sesosa sa rhizoctoniosis, ho hlokahala ho kenyelletsa selelekela sa phytosanitary (oats, Sarepta mosetareta, rapeseed ea selemo) le ho alafa thepa ea ho jala ka li-fungicides. Ho lengoa ha mosetareta le rapeseed e le li-precursors ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho fokotsa sekhahla sa fungus ea R. solani ka 50-55% qalong ea nako ea ho hōla ea litapole, le 5% ea oats. Tšebeliso ea koro le harese e le selelekela ha e khothalletsoe, joalo ka ba kenya letsoho ho bokella pathogen (palo e eketseha ka 16 le 51%, ka ho latellana).
Phetoho ea baahi ba mobu oa R. solani tlas'a lijo-thollo le ba pele ba k'habeche e fokotsa nts'etsopele ea rhizoctoniosis ho lithupa tsa litapole methating ea pele ea ontogenesis ka 53-70%, 'me qetellong ea 31-50% le ho eketsa chai. li-tubers tse phetseng hantle ka 66-86% ha li bapisoa le litapole tse behiloeng holim'a litapole (9,7 t/ha).
Sistimi ea ts'ireletso ea lijalo, ho kenyelletsa le ho lema litapole ho oats, mosetareta oa Sarepta, peo ea selemo le kalafo ea li-tubers pele o lema ka sebolaea likokoana-hloko sa sejoale-joale Maxim 0,25 KS, e fana ka phokotso ea nts'etsopele ea lefu lena ka 54-64, 46. -67 le 44-61% le ho eketsa chai ea li-tubers tse phetseng hantle ka 88, 69 le 76%. Mokhoa o rarahaneng oa mekhoa e ka holimo e boetse e ntlafatsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tse fumanoeng, ho fokotsa baahi ba eona ka sclerotia ka 12-14%.
Lethathamo la lingoliloeng tse sebelisitsoeng:
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. Tlhokomelo ea rhizoctoniosis ho agroecosystems ea litapole Western Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 leq.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. Ntlafatso ea boemo ba phytosanitary ea ho lema
litapole ha ho sebelisoa peo ea selemo joalo ka moiteli o motala
setso / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Boetsuwa ba ho tshireletsa
limela Siberia: Sat. saense tr. matichere le baithuti ba fumaneng mangolo Lefapheng la Tšireletso ea Limela. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83