Indasteri ea lijo tsa litapole Chaena e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako. Ho latela mehloli e fapaneng, ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 20% ea kakaretso ea lijalo e romelloa selemo le selemo. Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tse lokiselitsoeng ke starch, litapole tse se nang metsi (litapole tsa litapole le phofo), li-chips le li-french tse halikiloeng.
Starch
Tataiso e ka sehloohong ea ts'ebetso ea litapole ke tlhahiso ea starch ea litapole. Ntho ea pele ea starch e bakoa ke mabaka a mabeli: ea pele, e sebetsa e le thepa e tala bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele, 'me ea bobeli, tlhahiso ea starch ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho sebelisa li-tubers tse ke keng tsa rekisoa tse ncha (tse nyenyane, tse nang le bokooa).
Boholo ba starch bo hlahisoa Gansu le Inner Mongolia. Lisebelisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa tlhahiso li fumaneha Gansu (molumo oa tlhahiso -788 lithane ka selemo), lithane tse fetang 600 tsa starch ka selemo li hlahisoa ke likhoebo tsa Inner Mongolia.
Moetsi o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa starch ea litapole Chaena ke Inner Mongolia Nailun Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea lithane tse 100 ka selemo.
Ho na le lifeme tse tharo tsa litapole Chongqing, tse peli tsa tsona li ntse li fetola starch e hlahisoang hore e be li-noodle, tse rarollang bothata ba basebetsi bo bakiloeng ke nako e matla ea ts'ebetso ea starch.
Limela tse 'maloa (tseo hajoale li robeli) li hlahisa setache sa litapole le setache se fetotsoeng 'me se sebelisa setache se metsi (pele se omisoa) ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse fetotsoeng, ho thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho omisa.
Matla a tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng ea litapole naheng ke lithane tse 458 ka selemo. Ka lifeme tse 'ne le kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lithane tse 000 ka selemo, Gansu ke profinse e hlahelletseng.
Tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng Chaena e 'nile ea etsoa ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-80, haholo-holo ka tšebeliso ea' mele, ea lik'hemik'hale, ea enzymatic kapa e tsoakiloeng ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fetola thepa ea starch ea tlhaho.
Ho latela Mokhatlo oa China Starch Industry Association, hajoale ho hlahisoa mefuta e fetang 2000 ea lihlahisoa tsa starch tse fetotsoeng ka har'a naha, ho kenyelletsa starch e nang le oxidized, starch e fetotsoeng ka acid, cationic starch, cyclodextrin le dialdehyde starch.
Ka 2019, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng Chaena e ne e le lithane tse 1. Mefuta e fapaneng ea starch e fetotsoeng e nang le chai ea lithane tse fetang 757 e kenyelletsa starch e fetotsoeng e rarahaneng, starch e nang le oxidized, cationic starch, acetate starch, phosphate starch le pregelatinized starch e nang le chai ea lithane tse 800, 100 tons, 000 ho isa ho 319 ho ea ho 200 ho 279 ho 600 ho 219, 900 ho 216 ho ea ho 100. ns le 155 lithane ka ho latellana. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsena tse tšeletseng ke hoo e ka bang 900% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng.
Tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng Chaena e tsepamisitsoe haholo liprofinseng tsa Shandong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu le Jiangxi, tse etsang karolo e fetang 85% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso. Ka 2019, tlhahiso ea starch e fetotsoeng Profinseng ea Shandong e bile lithane tse likete tse 656,6. Ho na le likhoebo tse 'ne tse sebetsang sebakeng sena tse nang le matla a selemo le selemo a lithane tse fetang 100, tse etsang 000% ea starch eohle e fetotsoeng. Har'a bona, tlhahiso ea Guangxi Nongken Mingyang Biochemical Group Co., Ltd. ke lithane tse 40,96 (196% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea naha).
Moreki ea ka sehloohong oa starch e fetotsoeng ke indasteri ea pampiri ea Chaena, e etsang karolo ea 58% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea starch e fetotsoeng.
Setache se fetotsoeng se boetse se sebelisoa haholo ke indasteri ea lijo, e etsang karolo ea 18% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea starch e fetotsoeng Chaena. Starch e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa li-noodle tsa hang-hang, li-sausage tsa ham, li-yoghurt le li-sauces tse fapaneng.
China ke morekisi oa starch e fetotsoeng, haholo-holo ka sebopeho sa dextrin le setache se seng se fetotsoeng. Theko ea kantle ho naha ea China ea starch e fetotsoeng e bile lithane tse 2019 ka 369, ho nyoloha ka 100% ho tloha selemong se fetileng, ho latela Mokhatlo oa Indasteri oa Starch oa China.
Mathata a ka sehloohong a tlhahiso ea starch a amana le taba ea hore khoebo ena e sebelisa likhoebo tse nyenyane tse ngata tse nang le matla a selemo le selemo a ka tlaase ho lithane tse 10 000, tse thatafalloang ke ho hlahisa theknoloji le lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao ka nako e nepahetseng, ho finyella litlhoko tse tsitsitseng kamehla. ea litšebeletso tsa tikoloho le lekhetho. Tsela feela ea ho tsoa ho bona, ho ea ka pono ea 'muso, ke ho kopanya le ho atolosa tekanyo ea tlhahiso.
Fries ea Fora
Lekala lena la ho lokisa litapole ke lona le holang ka potlako ho fetisisa China.
Tlhahiso ea China ea lihatsetsi tsa french e bile lithane tse 2006 ka 63 mme e nyolohetse ho lithane tse 000 ka 2015. Karolelano e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo e ne e le 318% ka 000. Ka 64,36, ka lebaka la phetoho e sa fellang ea likhoebo tse tsoang kantle ho naha, tekanyo ea tlhahiso ea fry ea Fora naheng ea China e ile ea fokotseha hanyane. Ka 2010, matla a tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo e ne e le lithane tse 2016 ka sekhahla sa kholo ea 2017%.
Bareki ba ka sehloohong ba li-fries tsa Mafora naheng ea China ke lireschorente tsa lijo tse potlakileng tsa mokhoa oa Bophirima. Litsebi li bolela esale pele hore ka lebaka la ho ata ha litoropo, palo ea mabenkele a joalo a lijo e tla eketseha ka nako e telele, e leng se tla ama 'maraka oa tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa. Hlokomela hore ho tloha ka Hlakola 2020, ho bile le lireschorente tsa McDonald tse fetang 3500 le 6600 tsa KFC naheng.
Tse ling tsa lihatsetsi tsa french li romelloa kantle ho naha ho tsoa US, empa 'maraka o bonts'a maemo a tlase a theko. Kahoo ka 2020, thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e theohile ka 26% hang (lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore lihlahisoa tsohle tsa kantle ho naha li entse tlhahlobo e kholo ea nako e telele bakeng sa Covid-19, barekisi ba thekiso ea lijo ba ile ba qobelloa ho fetohela thepa ea lehae).
Tlhahiso ea li-fries tsa Fora Chaena ka 2022/23 e hakanngoa ho lithane tse 400, tse ka tlaase ho feta selemong se fetileng (lithane tse 000) ka lebaka la boleng bo tlaase ba thepa e tala. Ho latela mehloli ea indasteri, bahlahisi ba bangata ba ile ba eketsa konteraka ea litapole mathoasong a 410 ho fihlela tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea lapeng, empa keketseho ena e ile ea fokotsoa ke litapole tse ncha tsa boleng bo tlase.
Pakeng tsa Phupu le Loetse 2023, ho lebelletsoe hore ho tla fanoa ka mela e mecha e mene ea tlhahiso ea li-fries. Bokhoni bohle ba tlhahiso ea bona bo tla fihla ho lithane tse eketsehileng tsa 400000, ho imena habeli matla a teng.
Nako e boletsoeng ea nako e ka hlahisoa ke mathata a tataiso (hammoho le indasteri eohle ea ho lokisa litapole). Boholo ba lifeme tsa fry tsa fry li sebakeng se ka leboea sa monoculture, moo litapole li kotuloang ka hoetla. Ho tlisoa ha litapole ho lihlahisoa tsena ho tloha ka April ho ea ho August ho na le moeli, kaha ha se kamehla ho ka khonehang ho boloka lihlahisoa tse lekaneng ka boleng bo nepahetseng. Karolo e 'ngoe ea likhoebo nakong eo e seng e sebetsa ka thepa e tala e tsoang kantle ho naha.
Li-chips
Indasteri ea li-snack Chaena e ntse e tsoela pele ka lebelo le phahameng haholo, lilemong tse fetileng tsa 10, ho ea ka Lekala la Khoebo la PRC, indasteri e hōlile ka 422,51%. Ka litsela tse ngata, ho tsebahala ha lihlahisoa tse ka jeoang ho tsamaea ho amahanngoa le ho potlakisa lebelo la bophelo ba baahi. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore litlhapi tsa litapole li tlameha ho mamella tlhōlisano e matla le mefuta e meng ea lijo tse bobebe tse atileng naheng. Ntle le moo, phephetso ea lefats'e bakeng sa sehlahisoa ke ho sekamela ha bareki "ho ja lijo tse bobebe" ho latela mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle ea lefats'e.
Lifeme tsa chip tsa litapole li tsepamisitsoe haholo Profinseng ea Fujian (Dali Garden, Panpan, Qinqin (ho kenyeletsoa li-Pringles), joalo-joalo Shanghai (Lay's le Oishi) le Beijing (Orion) le tsona ke litsi tse kholo tsa tlhahiso ea lichifi tsa litapole, li arolelana accounting bakeng sa 22,59 % le 12,91% ea kakaretso ea thekiso ea naha.
Dali Group ke khoebo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea litapole Chaena e rekisoang selemo le selemo ea li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 16, e leng karolo ea 34,42% ea thekiso eohle ea naha. Dali Group e na le litsi tse 18 liprofinseng le libaka tse 16 naheng ka bophara. Mofuta oa Copico oa lichipisi tsa litapole o hlahisoa liofising tse 10 tsa Dali tse Quanzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Hubei, Jilin, Gansu, Maanshan, Shanxi le Yunnan.
phofo ea litapole
Phofo ea litapole e se nang metsi ke ntho e tala ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo hobane e na le phepo e ntle ho feta starch e hloekileng. Li-noodle tse hloekileng tse entsoeng ka starch (le lihlahisoa tse tšoanang) li ka fana ka tsoekere feela 'meleng oa motho, ha lihlahisoa tsa litapole tse feletseng, tse kang litapole tse khotliloeng tse entsoeng ka phofo ea litapole tse senyehileng, li boloka boleng ba phepo ea tuber eohle ea litapole, i.e. starch, protheine, divithamini, fiber ea lijo le liminerale [Camire et al. 2009]. Tlhahiso ea indasteri ea phofo ea litapole e se nang metsi e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa litapole tse khotliloeng tse seng li loketse ho jeoa tse loketseng batho ba China [Mu et al. 2017].
Lihlahisoa tse ling tsa litapole tse sebelitsoeng
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Chaena e kentse liphetoho tse eketsehileng litlolong tsa lihlahisoa tsa setso tseo pele li neng li entsoe motheong oa koro kapa phofo ea raese. Ha u lokisetsa bohobe bo entsoeng ka mouoane, bohobe bo sephara, koro le li-noodle tsa raese, li-dumplings, phofo ea litapole li kenngoa ho sete e tloaelehileng ea metsoako. Sepheo se seholo sa mekhoa e mecha ke ho ntlafatsa boleng le mefuta-futa ea phepo ea baahi ba naha.
Liphuputso li bontša hore bohobe bo entsoeng ka hlama le ho eketsoa ha phofo ea litapole bo ntlafalitse litšoaneleho tsa phepo e nepahetseng le tse sebetsang [Blades et al. 2008]. Ho kenyelletsa phofo ea litapole ho phofo ea koro ho tlalehiloe ho thusa ho fokotsa maemo a gluten le ho thibela mathata a amanang le lefu la celiac [Ijah et al. 2015]. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litsebi tse hlahisang risepe li etsa sohle se matleng a tsona ho netefatsa hore sehlahisoa se ntlafalitsoeng se boloka chebahalo le tatso ea sona e tloaelehileng. Kahoo, ho hlokometsoe hore karolo e phahameng haholo ea li-granules tsa litapole e ka senya thepa ea rheological ea hlama [Xu et al. 2017]. Bakeng sa ho etsa bohobe, ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa phofo e tsoang mefuta e meng ea litapole (Hunmei, Blue Congo, Shepodi le Atlantic).
Hajoale, ho entsoe mefuta e fetang 200 ea lijo tsa litapole China, 'me tse ling tsa tsona li rekisitsoe ka katleho.
Tlhahiso e kholo ea lihlahisoa tse ngata tse ncha e sitisoa ke khaello ea theknoloji e khethehileng le lisebelisoa, empa bothata bona bo ntse bo rarolloa butle-butle. Mohlala ke mohala oa tlhahiso ea indasteri ea li-noodle tsa litapole o ntlafalitsoeng ke bo-ramahlale le baenjiniere ba Machaena. Lihlahisoa li tsoa tseleng ea kopano eo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e lumellanang ka botlalo le litloaelo tsa setso sa China, 'me, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke sehlahisoa sa indasteri ea sejoale-joale ea ho lokisa litapole [Chen et al. 2017]. Ho ea ka pono ea theknoloji, mohala oa tlhahiso ea li-noodle o ka bapisoa le mela ea tlhahiso ea li-french, litapole tse omeletseng, starch, joalo-joalo.
Ka boroa-bophirima ho China (liprofinseng tse kang Chongqing, Sichuan, le Guizhou), ho na le litapole tsa setso tse seng li loketse ho phehoa tse lokelang tlhahiso ea indasteri. Litapole li chesoa ka mouoane, ebe li khaola likotoana tse teteaneng ebe li felloa ke metsi. Sephetho ke sehlahisoa se hlakileng, se hlafunoang se ts'oanang le abalone e senyehileng, eo hangata e bitsoang "abalone ea meroho". Mofuta ona oa litapole tse felileng ha o rarolle bothata ba ho boloka litapole feela, empa hape, o ipapisitse le mekhoa ea ho ja ea baahi ba ka boroa-bophirima ho China, o ka sebelisoa ho lokisa sejana se monate haholo. Ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho omisa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le mofuta ona oa lihlahisoa tsa litapole tsa boleng bo holimo e le ho fokotsa nako ea ho felloa ke metsi - "ho omisa letsatsi".
Ka data ho etsa lipatlisiso Indasteri ea ho Etsa Litapole Chaena: Boemo ba Hona Joale, Mekhoa ea Bokamoso le Tšusumetso ea Lefatše; Zhao-jun Wang, Hong Liu, Fan-kui Zeng, Yan-chen Yang, Dan Xu, Yu-Ci Zhao, Xiao-feng Liu, Lovedeep Kaur, Gang Liu & Jaspreet Singh