Ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong ho isa ka la 20 Tšitoe 2020, thomello ea litapole tsa Russia e eketsehile ka 29% ho isa ho lithane tse likete tse 415 *. Ka chelete, bophahamo ba thepa bo eketsehile ka 37% ho isa ho liranta tse limilione tse 49. Hoo e ka bang 28% ea boleng bo oele ho litapole tsa peo, litapole tse setseng - tafoleng le litapole bakeng sa ho sebetsoa.
Ho ea ka FCS, lenane la linaha tse kenang selemong sena le eketsehile ho fihla ho 26 khahlano le 16 ho 2019, empa bareki ba ka sehloohong ba li-tubers e ntse e le linaha tsa boahisani.
Kahoo, lithane tse likete tse 174 li ile tsa romeloa Ukraine, e leng 11% ho feta nako e tšoanang ho 2019, e jang $ 16 milione (+ 16%). Turkmenistan e nkile sebaka sa bobeli selemong sena, ho tloha ka 2020 esale e ntse e holisa litapole tsa eona tse holang. Ka lebaka leo, naha e ile ea reka ho tloha Russia lithane tse likete tse 34 tsa litapole ka lidolara tse limilione tse 11, ha palo e tšoanang selemong se fetileng e ne e le lithane tse 308 ka lidolara tse likete tse 90. Likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo tsa moqolo o romeloang naheng ea Turkmenistan li oetse litapoleng tsa peo.
Hape, Uzbekistan e ekelitse thepa haholo: ka boleng ba eona, ho romella thepa naheng ena ho eketsehile makhetlo a 11 ho isa ho liranta tse limilione tse 8,2, ka tsela ea 'mele - makhetlo a 50 ho isa ho lithane tse likete tse 83. Barekisi ba holimo ba 5 ba kenyelletsa Azerbaijan, moreki oa bobeli oa litapole tsa peo tsa Russia kamora Turkmenistan le Moldova.
Keketseho ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e bakoa ke mabaka a 'maloa, Aleksey Krasilnikov, motsamaisi ea ka sehloohong oa Potato Union, o bolelletse Agroexport. “Ukraine, moreki e moholo oa litapole tsa Russia, o ile a fumana chai e fokolang selemong se fetileng, ka lebaka leo kantle ho naha kantle ho naha naha e ileng ea nyoloha haholo. Re boetse re bona kholo e tsitsitseng ho tloha Uzbekistan le Azerbaijan, moo ka bobeli tafole le peo ea litapole li romelloang kantle ho naha. Ntle le moo, khahlano le semelo sa kotulo e ntle ea Russia ho 2019, thepa e ile ea eketseha ho ea linaheng tse kang Moldova le Serbia, moo sehlahisoa sa Russia se ipakileng se le tlholisano haholo. Ba latsoitse litapole tsa rona moo, kahoo ke nahana hore liteishene tsena li tla bolokoa lilemong tse tlang, "ho boletse Krasilnikov.
Ntle le litapole, ka 2020, Russia e ile ea fana ka mebaraka ea linaha tse ka bang 50 ka lithane tse likete tse 50 tsa lihlahisoa tsa litapole tse jang $ 101 milione. Ka mantsoe a boleng le boleng, bophahamo ba thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha bo eketsehile ka 11% ha bo bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ho 2019 **. Ho kenyelletsa litapole tse sa apejoang (li-chips, li-snacks, litapole tse omisitsoeng tse hahiloeng, jj.), Ho ile ha romelloa lithane tse likete tse 32 (+ 16%) tsa boleng ba $ 85 milione (+ 15%), litapole tse halikiloeng (li-fries tsa French, jj.) , Lithane tse likete tse 5,7 (+ 10%) bakeng sa lidolara tse limilione tse 4,9 (-5,6%), li-flakes tsa litapole - lithane tse likete tse 8,2 (-2,6%) tse jang lidolara tse limilione tse 8,9 (- 9,3%), starch ea litapole - lithane tse likete tse 3,7 (+ 8,2%) bakeng sa palo ea USD 2,2 milione (-0,9%).
Mmaraka oa lefatše
Ho latela FAO, kotulo ea litapole lefatšeng ka bophara e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 2018. Bahlahisi ba eona ba baholo e ne e le China (lithane tse limilione tse 368), India (lithane tse limilione tse 90) le Ukraine (lithane tse limilione tse 49). Ho lipalo-palo tsa mokhatlo, Russia e sebakeng sa bone ka palo e akaretsang ea tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 22,5, ho hopoloa malapa.
Ho 2019, mmaraka oa lefatše oa litapole o nyolohetse ho limilione tse 371 mme ka boleng ba boleng o fihlile ho $ 140,5 billion, IndexBox e hakanya. Ho tloha ka 2007 ho isa ho 2019, bophahamo ba mmaraka ba lefatše bo hola ka sekhahla sa selemo le selemo sa 3% mme matla a matle a lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele lilemong tse leshome tse tlang.
Ho latela ITC Trade Mapa, kantle ho naha litapole tse kenngoeng ka 2010-2019 li hola ka 57% ho isa ho $ 5,2 billion. Barekisi ba baholo ba sehlahisoa se secha le se batang ke linaha tsa EU - Belgium (14%), Netherlands (8,3%), Jeremane ( 6,7%), le kantle ho eona - USA (4,2%) le UK (2,8%). Ba etellang pele kantle ho naha ke Netherlands (20%), France (17%), Jeremane (8,9%).
Lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha tsa lihlahisoa tsa litapole li phahame haholo: ka 2019 li fihlile ho $ 11,9 billion, li eketsehile ka 10% lilemong tse 65 tse fetileng. Har'a ba kantle ho naha baetapele e ne e le USA (12%), Great Britain (7,7%), France (7,4%), barekisi ba kantle ho naha - Belgium (23%), Netherlands (21%) le USA (14%). Hoo e ka bang 66% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea litapole e ikarabella bakeng sa litapole tse hahiloeng ka serame (haholo-holo li-fries tsa Fora), 20% - lihlahisoa tsa litapole tse sa koaeloang, 7,2% - starch, 5,2% - li-flakes, 1,5% - phofo ea litapole le phofo.
Litebello tsa Russia
Nakong ea selemo sa 2020/21 (Phuptjane-Mots'eanong), kantle ho naha thepa ea Russia e ka angoa hampe ke phokotso ea kotulo e kholo ea litapole Russia. "Sebaka sa kotulo ka 2020 se fokotsehile ka lihekthere tse likete tse 20, mme kotulo e kholo e kanna ea ba tlase ho feta boemo ba selemong se fetileng, ha, ho ea ka data ea semmuso, lithane tse limilione tse 7,6 li ile tsa chekoa lekaleng la thepa," ho boletse Krasilnikov.
Russia e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho eketsa thepa ea kantle ho naha, Krasilnikov e netefatsa. “Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, butle-butle ba ntse ba reka lipeo le litapole tsa tafole ho tsoa linaheng tsa Middle East ho ea lihlahisoa tsa Russia, mme maemo a rona moo a ntse a hola hanyane ka hanyane. Ka lebaka la qeto ea ho eketsa sebaka se tlasa litapole, Turkmenistan lilemong tse tlang le eona e tla lula e le mocha o rekisang oa thekiso, haholo-holo bakeng sa litapole tsa peo, "ho bolela Krasilnikov.
Ho boetse ho na le monyetla o moholo nts'etsopele ea phepelo ea lihlahisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea litapole ho mebaraka ea kantle ho naha. Kahoo, Lam Weston Belaya Dacha, moetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa Russia oa li-fries tsa Fora, o ntse a nahana ka monyetla oa ho aha mohala oa bobeli oa tlhahiso sebakeng sa Lipetsk, mme kantle ho naha e tla ba e 'ngoe ea liteishene tse ka sehloohong tsa thekiso ea bophahamo ba modumo, Krasilnikov o netefatsa. "Ho se ho ntse ho fanoa ka liphallelo ho Isiraele, Afrika Leboea, Europe Bohareng, tse bonts'itseng hore boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa Russia boa hlokahala 'marakeng oa kantle ho naha," a hatella. Nakong e tlang, ho lebelletsoe keketseho ea tlhahiso le kantle ho naha ea li-chips le li-flakes tsa litapole. “Ts'ebetso ea litapole ka har'a li-flakes le li-chips e ntse e eketseha. Hajoale, li-flakes li se li romelloa kantle ho China ho ea Latin America, monyetla oa mochini ona oa ts'ebetso ke litlhoko tse tlase bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tala, hammoho le bophelo bo sa feleng ba shelefo, "ho eketsa Krasilnikov.
* data ea EAEU ea Pherekhong-Mphalane
** Likhoutu tsa TN VED 110510, 110520, 110813, 200410, 200520