The Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises e ile ea fana ka maikutlo ka mosebetsi oa indasteri bakeng sa halofo ea pele ea 2023, e fana ka lintlha tse mabapi le tlhahiso, thomello le ho kenngoa ha lihlahisoa ho tsoa indastering e tebileng ea ho lokisa lijo-thollo. Theko le thomelontle ya dihlahiswa tsa setache di bontsha ho theoha, e leng ka lebaka la tlhophiso botjha ya indasteri. Hona joale lik'hamphani li khutlela limmarakeng tse ling - Asia, Middle East le linaha tse ling tsa Afrika.
Lintlha tse akaretsang tsa tlhahiso
Halofo ea pele ea 2023 e ka khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ho fokolang ha tlhahiso ea mefuta e meng ea lihlahisoa tsa indasteri. Ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea starch ea matsoalloa ka kakaretso e fihlile ho 6% - lithane tse 191 halofo ea pele ea 589,8 ha e bapisoa le lithane tse 2023 ka nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng. Ho bile le phokotseho ea tlhahiso ea starch ea koro ka 203%, e fihlileng ho lithane tse 375,8 ha ho bapisoa le lithane tse 3 ka 24. Ho bile le phokotseho ea tlhahiso ea starch ea poone ka 821,7% - lithane tse 25 ka 475,3 khahlano le lithane tse 2022 ka 6. Setache sa litapole le sona se bontšitse ho theoha ha 161% (ho ea ka molumo oa lithane tse 080,2). Ka 2023, tlhahiso ea starch ea litapole e ile ea fihla ho lithane tse 170. Bophahamo ba tlhahiso ea eona naheng ea Russia e ntse e le nyane ka ho fetisisa ha e bapisoa le starch tse ling.
Mefuta ea tlhahiso ka khoebo
Leha ho le joalo, palo ea tlhahiso ea likhoebo tse ngata e eketsehile ha e bapisoa le nako ea tlaleho selemong se fetileng. Ka mohlala, starch ea poone e hlahisitsoe ke 6% ho feta ke JSC Chaplyginsky Starch Plant (e hlahisitsoeng lithane tse 15) le ka 098,0% ho feta ke JSC Khobotovsky Enterprise Starch Product (e hlahisitsoeng lithane tse 6), LLC Newbio - ka 16% ho feta (kapa 832,0 tons) , Kabardinsky Starch Plant LLC - 10% ho feta (kapa lithane tse 23).
Ho fokotseha ho akaretsang ha thepa le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha
Ha e le mesebetsi ea ho reka kantle ho naha, e theohile haholo. Kakaretso ea poone, koro le litapole tse tsoang kantle ho naha e theohile ka 40%, 'me e romelloang kantle ka 23%. Ka kakaretso, sena se ka hlalosoa ka ho falla ha batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ke libapali tsa lehae le ho phahama ha litšenyehelo tsa thepa ha ho romela thepa.
'Maraka oa starch o fetotsoeng o ntse o khahleha
Karolong ea li-starches tse fetotsoeng, ho ile ha e-ba le keketseho ea tlhahiso ea 12%, eo ka mokhoa oa 'mele e neng e le lithane tse 47 152,6. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho kenngoa ha li-starche tse fetotsoeng ho ile ha eketseha ka 16%, e leng lithane tse 34, le li-export "tse oele". ka 967,9%, e leng lithane tse 63 feela.
Mmaraka o ntse o khahleha bakeng sa matsete. "Lik'hamphani tse ling ha li thehe mekhoa ea tlhahiso ho tloha qalong, li feta ho lokisa lijo-thollo ho starch, empa li reka starch ea tlhaho ho basebetsi-'moho lebenkeleng le ho e fetola. Ka mohlala, sena ke seo k'hamphani ea Perm Khimprom LLC, e ileng ea ikopanya le Mokhatlo selemong sena, e se etsang, hammoho le Albion LLC sebakeng sa Ryazan. Kahoo, re ka nka hore 'maraka oa malapeng bakeng sa liphetoho ke karolo ea 20 lekholong ho feta lipalo-palo tsa molao tse re bontšang. Empa u se ke ua lebala hore 'maraka o arotsoe haholo", ho fana ka maikutlo a Oleg Radin, mopresidente oa mokhatlo.
Mokhahlelong oa lihlahisoa tsa starch tse tsoekere, ho bile le keketseho e nyane ea sirapo ea starch (glucose syrups) le glucose-fructose syrups (GFS), e neng e le feela 3,0% le 1,0%, ka ho latellana. Nakong ea tlaleho ea selemo sa hona joale, ho ile ha hlahisoa lithane tse 240 tsa li-syrups tsa tsoekere. Bophahamo ba tlhahiso ea GFS bo fihlile ho lithane tse 863,7. Leha ho le joalo, karolong ea li-glucose syrups, tlhahiso e eketsehile ke Rustark LLC ka 142% (e hlahisitse lithane tse 438,8). LLC " Newbio e ekelitse tlhahiso ka makhetlo a tšeletseng, e hlahisa lithane tsa 35 likhoeling tsa 23 tsa 921,0, kahoo e tlatsa likarolo tsa lik'hamphani tse Seterekeng sa Central Federal tse fokotsang tlhahiso.
Karolong ea GFS, khōlo e kholo (11%) e ile ea hlokomeloa feela ke Cargill LLC, e hlahisitseng lithane tse 62 tsa li-syrups tsa glucose-fructose tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea monate. Mohlomong sena se bakoa ke ho tsamaea ha libapali tsa lefats'e, baetsi ba lino-mapholi, ba ratang tsoekere ea beet. "Rea bona hore likhetho lia fetoha molemong oa lisyrups joalo ka metsoako e meng ea tsoekere e metsi. Leha ho le joalo, ho bareki ba bangata, GFS e ntse e le sehlahisoa se "sothang". Ntho e 'ngoe e khethollang ke theko ea tsoekere", ho fana ka maikutlo a Oleg Radin.
Li-syrups tsa Glucose - kholo ea tlhoko ea kantle ho naha
Theko ea lisyrups nakong ea tlaleho e ne e fokotsehile ho "zero". Theko ea syrups ea tsoekere e eketsehile ka 59%, e leng lithane tse 4 269,1. Har'a linaha tse ka sehloohong tse rekang kantle ho naha ke Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan le Rephabliki ea Moldova.
Maltodextrin e hlahisitsoeng e ne e le ka tlase ho 15% ho feta nako e lumellanang le selemo se fetileng, e leng lithane tse 24 592. Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore halofo ea hona joale ea selemo, Rustark LLC e ile ea eketsa lihlahisoa tsa tlhahiso ho 10 (224% ho feta), 'me Newbio LLC e fokotsehile. karolo ea eona ea tlhahiso ho fihlela ho lithane tse 46 (ka tlase ho 14%), e fetohela ho li-syrups tsa tsoekere. Ka nako e ts'oanang, halofo ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea Rustark e ne e entsoe ka maltodextrin e hloekisitsoeng haholo tlas'a letšoao la MultyDex.
Nako ea hajoale e ka khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ha thepa le kantle ho naha ea maltodextrins. Ea pele e fokotsehile ka 9%, e leng lithane tse 1, ea bobeli - ka 809,3%, e leng lithane tse 24. Har'a linaha tse ka sehloohong tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ke Turkey, Uzbekistan, Colombia, Israel le Poland.
L-lysine sulfate e hlahisitse lithane tse 61, tseo ha e le hantle li ka bapisoang le bophahamo ba tlhahiso ea selemo se fetileng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e fokotsehile haholo (ka tlase ho 097,0%), e leng lithane tse 76 10. Likhoebo tsa Russia le Belarus li batla li finyella litlhoko tsa tsona tsa malapeng bakeng sa amino acid ena.
Liprotheine tsa limela ke moetapele oa kantle ho naha
Tlhahiso ea liprotheine tsa limela tse kang koro gluten le corn gluten halofo ea pele ea 2023 e ne e le lithane tse 42 le lithane tse 543,0, ka ho latellana.
Li-export tsa koro gluten (gluten) li lula li le holimo ka tloaelo (67% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea Russia) - lithane tse 28 selemong sena, kaha 'maraka oa bareki ba malapeng ha o ntlafatsoe ka ho lekaneng. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea lihlahisoa tsa gluten e ne e tsoa linaheng tse kang Norway, USA le Turkey. U ka boela ua totobatsa Brazil, Israel le Rephabliki ea Korea. Sehlahisoa se romelloa kantle ho naha bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo tsa litlhapi le liphoofolo tse hlahisang lijo.
Karolo ea poone ea gluten e shebahala e fapane. Likhoeling tse tšeletseng tsa pele tsa 2023, lithane tse 6 li ile tsa romelloa kantle ho naha (033,3% ho feta) ho ea ka bongata ba 'maraka oa lehae. Linaha tse kholo tse rekisetsang kantle li kenyelletsa China, Netherlands le Slovakia. Karolo ena e ntse e itšetlehile ka mokhoa o itseng oa ho reka ka ntle ho naha ka lebaka la hore gluten ea poone ke sehlahisoa sa lijo-thollo tse tebileng, tse etsang karolo ea 22% ha starch le lihlahisoa tsa eona li arotsoe.
Lihlahisoa tse tšepisang bakeng sa ho aha sebakeng sa Russia
Ho phaella moo, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lijo-thollo tse entsoeng haholo ha li e-so hlahisoe Russia. Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka boitsebiso ba meetlo, ho na le tlhokahalo ea bona 'marakeng oa malapeng. Ka hona, lisebelisoa tsena li na le thahasello e ka bang teng molemong oa ho etsa tlhahiso ea lehae. Ka mohlala, joalo ka:
- Crystalline fructose (lik'hemik'hale tse hloekileng) - lithane tse ka bang 2023 li ile tsa kenngoa ka ntle ho halofo ea pele ea 3;
- Liprotheine li tsepamisa maikutlo (liprotheine tsa meroho lijong), ntle le poone le koro ea gluten, - lithane tse ka bang 3 li ne li kenngoa linaheng tse ling;
- Li-protein tse arohaneng (liprotheine tsa meroho bakeng sa indasteri ea lijo) - lithane tse 6 li ile tsa kenngoa linaheng tse ling;
- Organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric) ka kakaretso lithane tse 43 li ile tsa kenngoa linaheng tse ling;
- Polylactide (lisebelisoa tsa ho paka tse ka senyehang) - lithane tse 165,4 tse tsoang kantle ho naha;
Litokisetso tsa enzyme (tse sebelisoang indastering ea lijo, ho kenyelletsa le hydrolysis ea starch, tlhahiso ea li-syrups tsa tsoekere) - lithane tse ka bang 6.
«Ho na le lihlahisoa tse 'maloa tse hlahisoang ke likhoebo tsa Russia, empa matla a tsona ha a lekaneng ho koahela litlhoko tsa malapeng. Har'a lisebelisoa tse khahlang matsete, ho bohlokoa ho totobatsa: dextrose (glucose monohydrate) le sorbitol (monate o monate) - e hlahisoang Russia Federation ke khoebo e le 'ngoe, leha ho le joalo, ho kenngoa ha, mohlala, sorbitol ho ile ha fihla ho lithane tse 3.", ho fana ka maikutlo a Oleg Radin, Mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Likhoebo tsa Advanced Grain Processing.