Litapole ha se feela mohloli oa lik'habohaedreite tsa lijo bakeng sa batho, empa hape ke mohloli oa starch bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa indasteri. Bo-ramahlale ba A&M AgriLife Texas ba ntse ba ithuta hore na karo-karolelano ea limolek'hule tse peli tsa starch ho litapole, amylose le amylopectin, e ka fetoloa joang ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea lijalo le indastering.
Ka mohlala, litapole tse nang le boka tse nang le amylopectin tse ngata li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-bioplastics, li-additives tsa lijo, li-adhesives le joala.
Lipampiri tse peli tse sa tsoa hatisoa ho International Journal of Molecular Sciences le Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture li hlahloba kamoo theknoloji ea CRISPR e ka ntlafatsang tšebeliso ea litapole kateng.
Lipampiri tsena ka bobeli li kenyelletsa mosebetsi o entsoeng ke Stephanie Toinga, Ph.D., eo e neng e le moithuti ea fumaneng mangolo laboratoring ea Kirti Rathor, Ph.D., AgriLife Plant Biotechnologist Setsing sa Texas A&M Plant Genomics and Biotechnology le Lefapha la Mobu. E mong ea ngotseng lipampiri ka bobeli ke Isabelle Weils, Ph.D., morui oa litapole ho AgriLife Research Lefapheng la Texas A&M la Saense ea Lirapa.
"Boitsebiso le tsebo eo re e fumaneng liphuputsong tsena tse peli li tla re thusa ho hlahisa litšobotsi tse ling tse lakatsehang lijalong tsena tsa bohlokoa haholo," ho boletse Rathor.
Linnete tsa Litapole
Litapole li lengoa linaheng tse fetang 160 ho lihekthere tse limilione tse 40,8 mme ke lijo tsa mantlha tsa batho ba fetang bilione.
Litapole tse boholo bo mahareng li na le lik'hilojule tse ka bang 160, haholo-holo tse tsoang ho starch, Rathor o re, ke ka lebaka leo li-tubers e leng mohloli oa bohlokoa oa matla ho batho ba bangata lefatšeng ka bophara. Litapole li boetse li na le limatlafatsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa le livithamine le liminerale.
Starch e bohlokoa haholo ts'ebelisong ea lijo le indastering.
Palo ea starch ka li-tubers tsa litapole ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong ho khethollang tšebeliso ea litapole.
Litapole tse nang le starch e ngata hangata li sebelisoa ho etsa lijo tse phehiloeng joalo ka li-french fries, chips le litapole tse omisitsoeng, Wales e re.
O re, litapole tse nang le starch tse tlase le tse mahareng hangata li sebelisoa e le tse foreshe kapa joalo ka tapole. Bakeng sa tšebeliso e ncha ea li-tubers, lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa ke ponahalo ea tuber, ho kenyelletsa le sebopeho sa letlalo, 'mala oa letlalo,' mala oa nama le sebopeho sa tuber. Morao tjena, mefuta e khethehileng ea litapole tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng e hlahile, e kang lesea; ka letlalo le khubelu, le pherese kapa le mosehla le nama li ntse li tsebahala ka lebaka la ho itokisa habonolo le ho eketseha ha boleng ba phepo.
Ho phaella moo, ethanol e ka hlahisoa ho tloha starch ea litapole bakeng sa mafura kapa lino tse tahang; polasetiki e ka senyehang ea lintho tse phelang; kapa li-adhesives, li-binders, li-texturing agents le li-filler bakeng sa indasteri ea meriana, ea masela, ea lehong le ea pampiri le likarolo tse ling tsa moruo.
Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka palo le mofuta oa starch ka litapole.
Toinga o lumela hore starch e phahameng ea amylopectin e lakatseha bakeng sa lijo le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa indasteri ka lebaka la thepa ea bona e ikhethang ea ts'ebetso. Ka mohlala, li-starch tse joalo ke mokhoa o ratoang haholo bakeng sa ho sebelisoa e le mokhoa o tsitsitseng le o teteaneng lijong le e le emulsifier liaparong tsa salate. Ka lebaka la ho tsitsa ha eona ha leqhoa, amylopectin starch e sebelisoa lijong tse hatselitsoeng. Ho feta moo, litapole tse nang le starch ea amylopectin li hlahisa maemo a phahameng a ethanol ha a bapisoa le litapole tse nang le starch tse ling.
Melemo ea ho Tsala Litapole ka Setache se Khethiloeng
Toinga o re ho hlahisa mefuta ea litapole tse fetotsoeng ka starch ho ka bula menyetla e mecha. Litapole tse nang le amylopectin e ngata le amylose e tlase, joalo ka Yukon Gold e hlophisitsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso eo a e hlalositseng ho International Journal of Molecular Sciences, li na le litšebeliso tsa indasteri ho feta tšebeliso ea tsona ea setso.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litapole tse nang le maemo a phahameng a amylose le amylopectin e tlase li ka lakatseha ho sebelisoa ke batho, Wales o itse. Amylose e sebetsa joalo ka fiber mme ha e lokolle tsoekere habonolo joalo ka amylopectin, e bakang index e tlase ea glycemic mme e etsa hore litapole li be monate ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.
CRISPR/Cas9 e theha menyetla e mecha
Theknoloji ea CRISPR/Cas9 e atolositse lebokose la lithulusi le fumanehang ho balisa le ho fana ka mekhoa e tobileng le e potlakileng ea ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e lakatsehang mefuteng e tsebahalang ea lijalo tsa khoebo, Weils notes. Ho ikatisa ka setso ke ts'ebetso e telele e ka nkang lilemo tse 10-15.
Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la tlhaho e rarahaneng ea genome ea litapole, ho theha mefuta e mecha e nang le sete e nepahetseng ea litšobotsi tse lakatsehang ke phephetso bakeng sa ho ikatisa ho tloaelehileng, o ile a re. Theknoloji ea limolek'hule e ekelitse katleho ea khetho, 'me ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho sebelisa theknoloji ea CRISPR/Cas9 ho eketsa lera le leng la ho rarahana.
Mefuta e ntlafalitsoeng ea Yukon Gold
Har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea litapole e hlahlobiloeng thutong ea pele, Yukon Gold e nchafalitse e ntle ka ho fetisisa, kahoo e ile ea sebelisoa thutong ea bobeli. Phello e bile litapole tse nang le li-amylopectin tse ngata le tse tlaase tsa amylose ka starch.
"E 'ngoe ea limela tse khaotsoeng, T2-7, e bontšitse khōlo e tloaelehileng le litšobotsi tsa lihlahisoa empa e ne e se na amylose ka ho feletseng," ho boletse Toinga.
Tuber starch, T2-7, e na le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri indastering ea pampiri le ea masela joalo ka sekhomaretsi / setlama, bioplastic, le tlhahiso ea ethanol. Tuber starch ea sampole ena ea liteko, ka lebaka la ho hanana le serame le ho qhibiliha ntle le tlhoko ea liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale, le eona e lokela ho ba molemo tlhahisong ea lijo tse hatselitsoeng. Litapole tse nang le amylopectin joalo ka mofuta o le mong oa starch le tsona li lokela ho fana ka ethanol e ngata bakeng sa tšebeliso ea indasteri kapa ho etsa lino tse tahang.
E le mohato o latelang lithutong tsena, ts'ebetso ea T2-7 e ile ea itšilafatsa 'me ea tšeloa ka mofuta oa bafani ba Yukon Gold le li-clone tse ling tsa litapole ho felisa likarolo tsa transgenic.