Ho ea ka Lekala la Temo le Litlhapi, ho tloha ka la 20 Phupu, lihoai tsa lehae li ile tsa kotula lithane tse ka bang likete tse 80 tsa litapole tsa pele (ho tloha letsatsing lena ka 2021 - lithane tse likete tse 56) ka kakaretso ea 350 c / ha. Ho feta moo, keketseho ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea pokello matsatsing ana ke lithane tse likete tse 3,5-5.
Ha ho na matla a fokolang ke pokello ea lihlahisoa tsa meroho. Ho tloha kajeno, e ne e le lithane tse likete tse 19,3, e leng 8% ho feta ka 2021 (lithane tse likete tse 17,9). Karolong ena, keketseho ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke lithane tse likete tse 1-1,5.
Hop (lithane tse likete tse 12,4 - + 21% ha li bapisoa le 2021) le likomkomere (lithane tse likete tse 3 - + 19%) li laola hona joale. Ho boetse ho na le matšoao a matle bakeng sa zucchini, pepere, lettuce le li-eggplant - ka kakaretso li ile tsa kotuloa lithane tse likete tse 3,6, e leng makhetlo a 1,5 ho feta lehlabula le fetileng (lithane tse likete tse 2,4).
Tomate e batla e tsoile setšoantšong - e kotutsoe lithane tse 300 feela, e leng 26% ea palo ea selemo se fetileng. Empa mona, joalokaha ho tiiselitsoe ke Lekala la Temo, ha ho hlokahale hore u tšoenyehe: sebakeng sa Astrakhan, ho hatisoa ha langa le le lej ho mefuta ea morao-rao, e kotuloang ka August-September.
Kotulo ea Europe
Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore lilemong tsa morao tjena balemi ba litapole ba Astrakhan ba fumane liphello tse tebileng ho lema lijalo tsa metso. Haholo-holo mabapi le tlhahiso.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, 85% ea litapole tsa Russia li lengoa masimong le mapolasing a mang. 'Me haeba likhoebong tse kholo tsa temo lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng ke li-centner tse 240-300 ka hektare, joale bakeng sa lihoai, e le molao, ho fihlela ho li-centner tse 170 ka hektare, libakeng tsa malapa - ho fihlela ho li-centner tse 150 ka hektare. Ka hona, ha ho makatse hore, ho ea ka letšoao lena, baeta-pele ke libaka tseo ho tsona ho nang le masimo a temo - Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Voronezh, Samara, Penza libaka, moo lihlahisoa li leng teng ho 280-300 c / ha.
Khahlanong le semelo sena, sebaka sa Astrakhan se nang le boemo ba lisentimitara tse 350 ka hektare ke ea 'nete ea Europe. 'Me sena ha se hyperbole. Ehlile, li-Astrakhan ha li e-so ka li qothisana lehlokoa le baetapele ba litapole ba Lefatše la Khale mabapi le tlhahiso (naheng ea Netherlands, chai ke 447 centners / ha, France - 432 centners / ha, Belgium - 423 centners / ha, Jeremane 423 centners. / ha), empa re phahametse linaha tse nang le lehlabula le chesang le le omileng le tšoanang - Spain (281 c/ha), Portugal (270 c/ha), Italy (255 c/ha).
Mofani e moholo oa litapole
'Me le hoja libaka tse tlas'a litapole sebakeng sa Astrakhan li se seholo, empa ka lebaka la lihlahisoa tse phahameng tse boletsoeng le tšebeliso e tlaase ea litapole ka har'a sebaka seo (ka har'a lithane tse likete tse 50-55), e fumana sehlahisoa se seholo. Sena se lumella sebaka sa Astrakhan ho ba har'a libaka tse fanang ka litapole lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, 'me lilemong tsa bo-20 tsa lekholo lena la lilemo - ho tse 5 tse holimo.
Hona joale hoo e ka bang 85% ea litapole li romelloa ka ntle ho sebaka seo. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa bareki ba lijalo tsa Astrakhan ke libaka tsa Moscow, Leningrad le Sverdlovsk. Lithane tse fetang 3 tsa litapole li se li rometsoe Belarus le Kazakhstan.
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea litapole tse rekisoang ke Riviera, Colomba, Red Scarlett, Arizona, Newton, Collete, Rosara, Memphis, La Strada.
Litheko tse khahlehang
Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lihlahisoa tse ling tsa meroho sebakeng sa Astrakhan li batloa haholo. Meroho e mengata ea Astrakhan e isoa libakeng tse tharo tse boletsoeng pejana, hammoho le Belarus (hoo e ka bang lithane tse likete tse 2,8).
Ka tsela, sebaka sa Astrakhan le sona ke sebaka sa bafani bakeng sa meroho. Boemo, ehlile, ha bo bohlokoa joalo ka litapole, empa sebaka seo se maemong a holimo a 20. Hape, ka lebaka la lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa meroho e mengata, e leng tlaleho ea Setereke sa Southern Federal (data ea 2021): likomkomere tse bulehileng fatše - 374 centners / ha, tamati e bulehileng - 642 centners / ha, k'habeche - 438 centners / ha, mahapu le makhapetla - 377 q/ha.
Bareki ha ba khahloe feela ke boleng ba lihlahisoa, empa hape le ka theko e tlaase. Kahoo, k'habeche e fanoa bakeng sa li-ruble tse 7-10 / kg, e boemong ba selemo se fetileng, le likomkomere - bakeng sa li-ruble tse 18-20 / kg, e ka bang halofo ea tekanyo ea theko ea 2021.
Sebaka sa Astrakhan se ntse se tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele li-steppe expanses ka ho shebana le lekala la lijalo. Kahoo, ho tloha qalong ea nako ea selemo, sebaka se jetsoeng sa litapole le meroho se eketsehile ka lihekthere tse likete tse 2,4 ha se bapisoa le 2021.