Maria Erokhova, MD, Lefapha la Litapole le Maloetse a Meroho, FGBNU VNIIF
Maria Kuznetsova, Hlooho Lefapha la Litapole le Maloetse a Meroho, FGBNU VNIIF
Haufinyane, livaerase li fetohile likokoana-hloko tse kotsi haholo tsa litapole Russia. Bongata ba likokoana-hloko tsena (mohlala, vaerase ea Y-litapole) li ile tsa amoheloa e le lintho tse laoloang tse se nang karabelo bakeng sa litapole tsa peo ho EU ka selemo sa 2019.
1Ka la 4 Tšitoe 2020, World Potato Congress e ile ea amohela webinar e neng e bitsoa Likokoana-hloko tsa Potato: Tlhahisoleseling ea morao-rao. Ho kenella ha webinar ka Senyesemane ho se ho ngotsoe webosaeteng Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Litapole ka ho buleha.
Moamoheli oa webinar eo e ne e le Dr. Alexander Karasev. Ke setsebi se tsebahalang lefapheng la phytovirusology. Alexander Karasev o amohetse Ph.D. lithutong tsa baeloji ho tsoa Univesithing ea Naha ea Moscow. M.V. Lomonosov, e hlahelletseng ho Virology. Ho tloha ka 2006, esale a sebetsa Univesithing ea Idaho (USA). Mosebetsing oa hae oa ho etsa lipatlisiso, Dr. Karasev o lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng thutong ea vaerase ea Y litapole.
Nakong ea webinar, Ngaka Karasev o ile a hopola hore vaerase ea Y-litapole e amana le potivirus (Potyvirus). Joalo ka vaerase eohle, pathogen ke seoa sa ts'oaetso 'me se khona ho ikatisa feela liseleng tsa limela tse amohelang ba lelapa le haufi. Tlhapi ea limela e bolokoa ka har'a li-tubers tsa peo le "limela tsa baithaopi". Vaerase ea Y e ka fetisoa ka mokhoa o ikemetseng, hammoho le vector - ka lierekisi tsa likokoanyana. Likokoana-hloko tse joalo tsa vaerase ea Y ke li-aphid tse e fetisetsang ka mokhoa o sa phehelleng.
Alexander Karasev o hatelletse hore vaerase ea Y ke pathogen e kotsi haholo, kaha e baka tahlehelo ea lijalo ka kotloloho. Ho ile ha thehoa hore ha pathogen e angoa ke 1% ea sebaka se holang litapole, sehoai se lahleheloa ke $ 17 ka hektare. Ka selemo sa 2008, 1% ea tšenyo ea litapole e jaretse lidolara tse limilione tse 6,3 tsa Amerika. Ntle le moo, ha moetlo o senyehile, boleng ba li-tubers bo lahleha ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea matšoao a lefu le bitsang lithole tsa litapole ho tsona. Matšoao a lefu lena a se ke a hlaha feela ho li-tubers, empa le makhasi, a fetohileng a boreleli, a sootho. Ka nts'etsopele e matla ea lefu lena, kholo ea limela e ea fokotseha.
Setsebi se hlokometse hore mefuta ea litapole e fapana ka ho fapana le vaerase ea Y. Hajoale, lintlha tse ling tsa kantle ho litapole tsa mofuta oa litapole li na le tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le ho hanyetsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ho li-fungus tse ngata, cyst forming nematode (Pale Globodera pathotypes Pa 2/3, 1, Globodera rostochiensis Ro1), hammoho le vaerase. Mohlala ke ona "Lethathamo la litapole tsa litapole" (Litapole tsa AHDB, UK).
Qetellong ea webinar, Ngaka Karasev o ile a lebisa tlhokomelo ea bamameli ho taba ea hore mehato ea ho loants'a vaerase ea litapole Y ke ts'ebeliso ea litapole tse netefalitsoeng (ho kenyeletsa litapole tsa meristem tse phetseng hantle), ho lema mefuta e hanyetsanang, le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea bohloeki bakeng sa mosebetsi oa matsoho.