Ho tsoa makasineng: No. 1 2016
Sehlopha: Litherisano tsa litsebi
B.V. Anisimov, S. N. Zebrin, V.N. Zeyruk,
All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming e reheletsoeng ka. A.G. Lorja
Ts'ebetsong ea hajoale ea taolo ea boleng le netefatso ea litapole tsa peo, li-tuberous rots hangata li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo - e omileng le e metsi.
Har'a tse omileng, tse tloaelehileng haholo ke Fusarium dry rot le Phoma rot. Hangata, ho bola ho ommeng ho ka hlaha ho li-tubers ha li angoa ke Alternaria.
Tsoelo-pele ea ho bola ha tuber e metsi hangata e etsahala ka lebaka la phetisetso ea tšoaetso ho tsoa ho limela tse tšoaelitsoeng ke blight ea morao kapa blackleg ho li-tubers tsa lijalo tse ncha. Ha ho lema litapole mobung o mongobo haholo, ho bola ha rabara ho ka hlaha ho li-tubers nakong kapa hang ka mor'a kotulo. Mongobo o phahameng oa mobu nakong ea ho hōla o boetse o baka maemo a matle bakeng sa ho bola ha li-tubers tse pinki, 'me boemo ba leholimo bo chesang nakong ea tuberization e ka kenya letsoho ho nts'etsopele ea ho bola ha maqeba a metsi a li-tubers hang ka mor'a kotulo.
Maemong a mang, "rots e tsoakiloeng" e ka ba kotsi haholo: blight-bacterial, fusarium-bacterial, fomosa-bacterial. Ho kenella ha tšoaetso ea fungal le baktheria ka har'a li-tubers le nts'etsopele ea ho bola ho nolofalloa ke tšenyo e tsoang ho li-nematode, li-wireworms le li-larvae tse senyang likokoanyana. Maemong a sa thabiseng a ho kotula le ho boloka litapole, lisosa tsa nts'etsopele ea ho bola ha tuber e ka ba hypothermia le leqhoa la li-tubers.
Ho bola ho omileng ha li-tubers ho bakoang ke fungal phytopathogens
Fusarium (Fusarium spp.)
Tšoaetso e ka hlaha ka thepa ea peo le mobu. Tšenyo e khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea ho bola, haholo ha ho hlophisoa ka mocheso o phahameng.
Phomosis (Phoma spp.)
Mohloli oa tšoaetso ke haholo-holo lintho tse silafetseng tsa peo; tšoaetso e ka nama ka pula. Li-tubers hangata li tšoaetsoa nakong ea kotulo, empa Phoma rot hangata e hlaha ka mor'a kotulo le ho hlopha ka mor'a kotulo le/kapa mocheso o tlaase oa polokelo.
Alternaria (fapanyetsana spp.)
Alternaria spores e phela ka litapole kapa lintho tse ling tse phelang tšimong kapa ka ho toba mobung.
Ho bola ha metsi ho bakoang ke li-fungus tsa pathogenic le libaktheria
Bothata ba morao-rao (Phitofhthara masea)
Li-spores tse tsoang holimo li tšoaetsa li-tubers mobung. Tuberous blight ea morao e ka bonoa nakong ea kotulo 'me e tsoela pele ho hola nakong ea polokelo. Tšenyo ea li-tubers nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ka mor'a kotulo hangata e tlatsetsa ho sena.
Ho bola ho pinki (Phytophora lefu la erythroseptic)
Tšoaetso e hlaha ka mobu. Tsoelo-pele ea tšoaetso e khothalletsoa ke mongobo o phahameng oa mobu le mocheso. Ho bola ho hlaha nakong kapa nakoana ka mor'a kotulo.
Ho bola rabara (Geotrichum candidim)
Mohloli oa tšoaetso ke mobu. Tsoelopele ea ho bola e khothaletsoa ke mongobo o matla oa mobu le maemo a futhumetseng nakong ea pele ho kotulo. Ho ntša metsi a matle a mobu le ho boloka li-tubers tse tsoang libakeng tse nang le likhohola tsa tšimo ka thoko ho lijalo tse ling ho ka fokotsa ho ata ha bola.
Ho bola ha leqeba la metsi (Pythium spp.)
Mohloli oa tšoaetso: mobu. Tšoaetso ea li-tubers e hlaha ka maqeba. Ho bola ho ata ka potlako holim'a li-tubers tse sa tsoa chekoa tseo letlalo la tsona le e-s'o thatafale. Boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng nakong ea kotulo bo khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea ho bola.
Mnyama leoto (Dickeya/Pectobacterium spp.)
Mohloli oa tšoaetso ke li-tubers tsa peo tse nang le tšoaetso, empa tšimong tšoaetso e ka fetisoa ho tloha limela tse nang le tšoaetso ho ea ho marotholi a phetseng hantle a nang le likokoana-hloko (marotholi a pula / aerosol) hammoho le likokoanyana. Tšoaetso ea ho kopana e ka hlaha ho tloha lisebelisoa kapa lijana tse silafetseng. Tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko tsena le nts'etsopele ea lefu lena li ratoa ke maemo a ho hōla a mongobo, empa a loketse ho feta. Pectobacteria ke maemo a pholileng le a mongobo, le bakeng sa Dickey – mofuthu le mongobo.
Letsetsa bola (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus)
Mohloli oa tšoaetso ke thepa ea peo e silafetseng. Li-tubers tsa mefuta e meng e kanna ea ba le tšoaetso ea asymptomatic. Libaktheria li boetse li hasana ka thepa e silafetseng, haholo-holo thepa ea ho seha. Linaheng tse ngata, lefu lena le nkoa e le lefu la ho arola batho ba le bang; ha ho hlaha seoa, lintho tse silafetseng lia tlosoa ebe lia lahloa ho potoloha.
Ho bola ho tloha hypothermia le leqhoa la li-tubers
Lisosa: mocheso o tlase (ka tlase ho 1 °C) pele ho kotuloa kapa polokelo. Tšenyo ea tuber e ka boela ea bakoa ke phetoho e potlakileng ea mocheso (eseng hakaalo ka tlas'a leqhoa) Hoa hlokahala ho kotula pele ho serame le ho qoba ho pholile ho feteletseng polokelong.
Ho bola ho tloha ho senyeha ha li-tubers ke li-nematode, wireworms le li-larvae tsa likokoanyana
Nematode ea litapole - Ditylenchosis (Ditylenchus mosenyi)
Li-nematode li fetisoa haholo-holo hammoho le li-tubers tsa peo tse nang le tšoaetso. Li-nematode li thata ho li felisa hobane li phela ka limela tse ngata. Ho fokotsa palo ea tsona ho ka nolofalloa ke tšebeliso ea lijo-thollo ho potoloha ha lijalo hammoho le taolo e sebetsang ea lehola.
li-wireworms (Agriotes/Tandonia/Arion spp.)
Li-larvae li ja liphaseje tse nyenyane tse ka holimo kapa tse tebileng ka har'a tuber. Litemana li lula li le moqotetsane (ho fapana le tšenyo e bakoang ke li-slugs), empa li ka ba le makala haholo. Tšenyo e bakoang ke li-wireworms e etsa hore ho khonehe hore likokoana-hloko tse ling li kene ka har'a tuber, tse ka bakang mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho bola.
Hammoho le li-wireworms, ho bola ha tuber ea mofuta o omileng kapa o metsi (ho latela maemo a polokelo) hangata ho bakoa ke tšenyo e tsoang ho maleshoane, li-cutworms, slugs le tšoele ea litapole.
Khrushchi (larvae) e ja masoba a li-tubers. Ho fapana le li-cutworms, ha li tlohele masala a lekhapetla ho pota-pota mapheo a likoti.
Li-scoops (maboko) a phunya masoba a boholo bo fapaneng ka har'a li-tubers. Haufi le mathōko a bona ho na le masala a peel ka mokhoa oa fringe.
Slugs
Li ja likheo tsa boholo bo fapaneng ka har'a tuber pulp, tse ka thusang ho kenella ha phytopathogens ka har'a tuber, ho baka mefuta e fapaneng ea ho bola.
tšoele ea litapole
E phunya liphaseje tse tšesaane (2-4 mm) tlas'a letlalo kapa ka hare ho tuber. Letšoao le ikhethang la tšenyo ea tšoèlè ke boteng ba mantle holim'a metsi le liphaseng tse ka hare ho li-tubers.
Matla a nts'etsopele ea ho bola ha tuber e khethoa haholo ke tekanyo ea ho ata ha mafu nakong ea ho hola le kotulo ea litapole. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho beha leihlo mehloli ea ts'oaetso ka liphuputso tsa masimo nakong ea ho hola le tšebeliso e felletseng ea mehato e khethehileng ea thibelo le ts'ireletso nakong ea temo ea mobu, ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa peo bakeng sa ho lema, tlhokomelo ea limela le kotulo.
Ho mekhoa ea ho thibela le ho sireletsa, e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ke: ho lema litapole ka ho fapanyetsana lijalo ho sebelisa lijalo tse fetileng tse hloekisang mobu oa likokoana-hloko; tšebeliso e utloahalang ea manyolo a manyolo le liminerale, li-microelements le lisebelisoa tsa calcareous tse eketsang khanyetso ea limela le li-tubers ho mafu; ho sebelisa li-tubers tse phetseng hantle feela molemong oa peo, ho futhumatsa litapole tsa peo ebe o lahla lintho tse nang le tšoaetso; disinfection ea li-tubers tsa peo pele o lema; ho kenya ts'ebetsong ea mekhoa eohle ea tlhokomelo ea limela le mekhoa ea ho laola mofoka e kenyang letsoho tlhahisong ea limela tse phetseng hantle, tse ntlafetseng tse khonang ho sebelisa ka botlalo karabo ea tlhaho ea ho hanyetsa likokoana-hloko tse kotsi.
E le mokhoa oa ho thibela ho jala peo, ho bohlokoa haholo ho tlosa limela tse kulang - mehloli ea tšoaetso - ka ho hloekisa phyto ka botlalo. Matšoao a mafu a limela a hlaha ka linako tse fapaneng, kahoo phello e kholo ka ho fetisisa e atisa ho finyelloa ka ho hloekisa ka makhetlo a mararo.
Ho hloekisoa ha pele ho etsoa nakoana ka mor'a ho hlaha ha letlobo le feletseng, ha limela li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 15-20. Ka nako ena, ho hlokahala haholo-holo ho tlosa lihlahla tse anngoeng ke blackleg. Kapele ha limela tse kulang li tlosoa lijalong, mehloli e fokolang ea ho ata ha tšoaetso e sala tšimong.
Tlhoekiso ea bobeli e etsoa nakong ea lipalesa. Nakong ena, hangata litšila tsa varietal lia tlosoa, hammoho le limela tse tsielehileng tse anngoeng ke mafu a baktheria le vaerase. Hangata, ka mor'a ho hloekisoa ha bobeli, ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea masimo 'me lijalo li lumellana le litlhoko tsa taolo ea maemo a thehiloeng bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng le lihlopha tsa litapole tsa peo.
Tlhoekiso ea boraro e etsoa pele ho kotuloa ho tlosoa litlhōrō. Nakong ena, litšila tse setseng lia tlosoa, hammoho le limela tse bontšang matšoao a baktheria (ring rot) le mafu a kokoana-hloko.
Ho hloekisa ho lokela ho etsoa ke basebetsi ba rutehileng ka pel'a setsebi se nang le phihlelo se nang le tsebo e sebetsang ea ho lemoha matšoao a mafu le litšila tsa mefuta ea litapole. Tabeng ena, hangata batho ba babeli ba tsamaea ka har'a foro 'me ba hlahloba ka hloko limela ka mela e' meli ho ea ka ho le letona le ka ho le letšehali la foro eo ho etsoang ho eona. Limela tse fumanoeng tse nang le mafu kapa litšila tse fapaneng li chekoa ka kharafu hammoho le li-tubers, ho kenyeletsoa le li-tubers, ebe li ntšoa tšimong. Ha e khothalletsoe ho ntša limela, kaha sena se ka 'na sa siea li-tubers tsa' mè fatše, ho mela hape ka selemo se le seng ebe ho hlahisa limela tse kulang. Litlhōrō le li-tubers tse tlosoa nakong ea ho hloekisa li tlameha ho senngoa ka ho feletseng.
Haeba ho na le ts'okelo ea nts'etsopele ea blight ea morao-rao le alternaria ka tekanyo e itekanetseng kapa e matla, ho sebelisoa motsoako o rarahaneng oa lik'hemik'hale le likokoana-hloko ho fafatsa limela nakong ea ho hōla. Mekhoa ena e etsa hore ho khonehe nakong e tlang ho fokotsa haholo tahlehelo e tsoang ho bola nakong ea polokelo ea litapole.
Mokhoa oa bohlokoa o thibelang tšoaetso ea li-tuber nakong ea kotulo le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho bola ha tuber ke ho tlosoa ha litlhōrō pele ho kotulo. E etsoa ha ho lengoa peo matsatsi a 14 pele ho kotuloa, le libakeng tse lenngoeng tsa khoebo bonyane matsatsi a 7 pele ho kotuloa. Ha litlhōrō li tlosoa hang-hang pele ho kotuloa, lekhapetla la tuber ha le na nako ea ho matlafatsa 'me le lematsoa haholo ke mechine ea kotulo, e ka bakang tšoaetso e kholo ea litapole ka ho bola ho omileng le ho koloba. Kahoo, mohlala, haeba tekanyo ea tsoelo-pele ea blight ea morao limela e fihlile ho 50% 'me boima ba lijalo ha bo sa eketseha, litlhōrō li lokela ho senngoa hang-hang e le hore li-tubers li se ke tsa tšoaetsoa mobung. Empa esita le tabeng ena, hoa hlokahala ho boloka nako pakeng tsa ho timetsoa ha litlhōrō le kotulo.
Litlhōrō li ka senngoa ke ho kuta ka mochine ka ho tlosoa ho tlamang ha limela ho tloha tšimong, kaha litlhōrō tse amehileng ke mohloli o matla oa likokoana-hloko tsa morao-rao le tuber bacteriosis pele le nakong ea kotulo. Ho kgothaletswa ho sebedisa desiccation ea lik'hemik'hale libakeng tsa peo. Bakeng sa morero ona, litapole li fafatsoa ka Reglon Super (2,0 l/ha). Sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea mokelikeli o sebetsang e tlameha ho ba bonyane 300 l/ha.
Nakong ea kotulo, ho tsamaisa litapole le ho li boloka, ho kgothaletswa ho thibela likokoana-hloko lijana, likoloi, ho hlopha, joalo-joalo ka tharollo ea 2-3% ea koporo ea sulfate. Litapole tsohle tse setseng ka mor'a ho hlophisoa le ho hlophisoa lia lahloa, 'me lisebelisoa li tšeloa ka disinfected ka tharollo ea 5% ea koporo sulfate.
Ho loants'a ho bola, mekhoa eohle e thibelang likotsi tsa mochini ho li-tubers nakong ea kotulo, ho hlopha, ho tsamaisa le ho boloka litapole li sebetsa hantle. Ho etsa sena, hoa hlokahala ho lokisa ka nepo bakotuli, li-diggers tsa litapole, li-sorters, le ho sebetsana ka hloko le li-tubers, ho li thibela ho oela ho tloha bophahamong bo boholo. Bophahamo bo lumelletsoeng ba li-tubers tse oelang holim'a tšepe (letlapa le tšesaane la selemo) ke 50-80 cm, lehong le tiileng - 25-50, lepolanka la lehong - 15-25, le rabara - 50-75, mobu - 200, ka litapole - 100-125 cm,.
Taolo ea kamora kotulo le mekhoa ea ho fokotsa tahlehelo ho tsoa ho bola nakong ea polokelo ea litapole
Pele ho feta khoeli pele ho bolokoa litapole, libaka tsa polokelo li hloekisoa mobu le li-tubers tsa khale, li silafalitsoe ka lime ka ho eketsoa ha sulfate ea koporo ea 2-3%, ebe marako a polokelo, siling, marako a bin le liphanele li soeufala ka lime. Ho sebelisoa mololi ka mololi oa ho lokisa (licheki tse ngata 150-200g/1000 m3 kamore ea litapole).
Nakong ea taolo ea kamora kotulo, liteko tsa tuber li etsoa ho tsebahatsa mafu a hlahileng ho li-tubers.
Mokhoa oa ho etsa sampole bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tuber le litlhoko tsa taolo bakeng sa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa peo le litapole tsa khoebo (lijo) li khethoa ke litekanyetso: GOST R 53136-2008 "Litapole tsa peo. Litlhaloso tsa tekheniki"; GOST R 55329-2012 "Peo ea litapole. Kamohelo le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba" le GOST R 51808-2001 "Litapole tsa lijo tse ncha, tse lokiselitsoeng le tse fanoeng."
Lethathamo la 1 le la 2 le fana ka mamello ea taolo ea litekanyetso tsa tuber rot bakeng sa lihlopha tsa litapole tsa peo tse kenang khoebong linaheng tsa EU, Canada, Russia Federation le Rephabliki ea Belarus.
Linaha tse ngata tse hlahisang le ho rekisa peo ea litapole ho latela maemo a tsona a naha hangata li hlahisa mamello e thata ho feta ha e bapisoa le litlhoko tsa taolo tsa maemo a machaba a UNECE, haholoholo mabapi le ho bola ho bakoang ke li-fungus tsa pathogenic le libaktheria [6] (Letlapa la 1).
Lethathamo la 1. Litaelo tsa taolo ea litekanyetso tsa ho bola ha tuber bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng / meloko ea litapole tsa peo e rekisoang linaheng tsa EU.
Страны | Mamello bakeng sa lihlopha tsa litapole tsa peo,% | ||||
S | SE | E 1-3 | EA 1-2 | B | |
ЕС1 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 | ||
United Nations | 0,2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Duitsland | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Holland2 | Li-tubers tse 1-4 ka lik'hilograma tse 50 | ||||
Finland | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
France | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
Belgium | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Denmark | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Bulgaria | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
Rephabliki ea Czech3 | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) |
Canada4 | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) |
1 - Ho ea ka Litaelo tsa EU 2002/56 le 93/17;
2 - Bakeng sa ho bola ho metsi, tuber e le 1 ka 250 kg e lumelloa;
3 - Letšoao la ho bola le metsi le bontšoa ka masakaneng;
4 - Mamello ea ho bola ha metsi / ho ea moo e fanoang ka masakaneng.
Litlhokahalo tsa taolo ea maemo a hajoale a naha ea Russia le Rephabliki ea Belarus bakeng sa sehlopha sa OS li tšoana hantle le maemo a machabeng a maemo a UNECE. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mamello ea lihlopha tsa litapole tsa peo ea EC le RS e feta haholo litloaelo tsa UNECE bakeng sa bola bo omileng le bo metsi, bo lebisang ho fokotseha ha boleng le tlholisano ea peo e phahameng le ea pelehi ea tlhahiso ea lapeng. . Hajoale, e le karolo ea nts'etsopele ea moralo o mocha oa Interstate Standard oa linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EAEU bakeng sa phepelo ea litapole tsa peo, ho lebelletsoe ho hlahisa mamello e thata bakeng sa bola bo omileng le bo metsi, bo tla bapisoa haholo le litekanyetso tsa li-analogues tsa machabeng. (Lethathamo la 2).
Letlapa la 2. Litaelo tsa taolo ea litekanyetso tsa ho bola ha tuber bakeng sa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea litapole tse kenang khoebong ea Russia Federation le Rephabliki ea Belarus.
Litekanyetso | Litloaelo tsa Sehlopha/Moloko* | ||
OS | ЭС | RS 1-2 | |
GOST R-2008 | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
GOST ea Rephabliki ea Belarus | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) |
Maemo a linaha tse ling (sengoloa) | 0,5 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
* OS - sehlopha sa peo ea mantlha; ES - peo e phahameng; RS - peo ea ho ikatisa. Letšoao la ho bola ha metsi le bontšoa ka masakaneng.
Ho ea ka GOST R 51808-2001, bakeng sa lihlopha tsohle tsa litapole tsa lijo tse ncha, tse lokiselitsoeng le tse fanoang, ho ba teng ha li-tubers tse anngoeng ke metsi, a omileng, a reng, li-buttons le blight ea morao, hammoho le serame le matšoao a "ho tsieleha" ha e dumelle. Pele o etsa tlhahlobo ea li-tuber tsa lisampole tse khethiloeng ho kenya tšebetsong li-fungus tsa phytopathogenic, libaktheria le stem nematodes ka har'a li-tubers, ho khothalletsoa ho boloka li-tubers ka mocheso oa 10-20.оC nakong ea matsatsi a 20.
Ntlha ea pele, sampuli e lekanngoa, ebe mobu o sa lefelloeng le litšila tse ling lia aroloa. Palo ea litšila e khethoa ke boima ba 'mele e le peresente ea boima bohle ba li-tubers tsa sampole e fanoeng. Ka mor'a ho tlosa litšila, tuber e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlatsuoa ka metsing ebe e hlahlojoa. Tse sa tloaelehang le tse nang le sekoli li khetholloa 'me li arotsoe ka mofuta oa tšenyo (mafu, likokoanyana, mechine). Palo ea li-tubers tse kulang e hlalosoa e le peresente ea palo eohle ea sampole. Ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tsa tlhahlobo, li-batches tsa litapole tsa peo li abeloa likarolo tse tsamaellanang tsa lihlahisoa tsa peo, 'me lihlopha tsa litapole tse bolokiloeng li abeloa lihlopha tse tsamaellanang tsa litapole tsa pele kapa tsa morao-rao (lihlopha tsa pele kapa tsa bobeli).
Ho tseba mafu le bofokoli kahare (leoto le letšo, ho bola ha selikalikoe, blight ea morao, phomosis, ho fifala ha makhasi, letheba la tšoelesa, sekoti, ditylenchosis), li-tubers tse 100 ka sampole li khaoloa ka tsela e telele. Haeba mafu kapa likoli li fumanoa, li-tubers tse setseng tsa sampuli le tsona lia khaoloa.
Haeba ho na le mafu a 'maloa ho tuber e le' ngoe, e 'ngoe ea tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa e nkoa ka tatellano e latelang: ho bola ha lesale, leoto le letšo, blight ea morao-rao, fomoz, rot e omileng, ditelenhoz, ho bipetsa, serame, scab e tloaelehileng, rhizoctonia, powdery. le letlalo la silevera, tšenyo ea mechine.
Li-tubers tse anngoeng ke sekhahla leha e le sefe ke blight ea morao-rao, ho bola ho omileng, ho bola ho metsi, leoto le letšo, ring rot, phomosis le stem nematodes li nkoa li kula. Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea tuber, ho etsoa tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea tuber, e bonts'ang palo le peresente ea li-tubers tse kulang.
Bakeng sa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho bola, litapole tsa peo tse tsoang masimong moo blight ea morao-rao, phomosis, mafu a baktheria a hlahileng ka matla, 'me li-tubers li fumane tšenyo ea mochini, nakong ea polokelo le nakong ea pele ea polokelo, ho lokela ho etsoa disinfection khahlanong le ts'oaetso ena. sesosa sa ho bola ha fusarium (ha ho kotula le litapole ho kopanya ho kenngoa hona hoa hlokahala) ho sebelisa lithethefatsi Maxim (0,2 l / t) kapa Fitosporin (1 kg / t).
Disinfection ea li-tubers tsa litapole e etsoa nakong ea hoetla ho sebelisoa lijenereithara tsa aerosol tsa mefuta e fapaneng, tse behiloeng holim'a li-conveyor loaders kapa lintlha tsa ho hlophisa. Tšebeliso ea metsi a sebetsang ke 3-5 l/t. Ka tšebeliso ena ea metsi, ha ho hlokahale ho omisa litapole ho phaella moo. Ho sebelisoa mololi ka mololi oa ho lokisa (li-checkers tse ngata 5-10 g/t)
Litokisetso li sebetsa hantle haholo haeba li sebelisoa pele ho matsatsi a 3 ka mor'a ho kotula litapole, kapa ho molemo le ho feta, hang ka mor'a ho kotula ha ho bolokoa ho sebelisa theknoloji ea phallo e tobileng. Ha u li sebelisa, u tlameha ho latela melao ea polokeho ha u sebetsa le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
Matsatsing a pele a 20-25 a polokelo ea nakoana kapa ea ka ho sa feleng (nako ea kalafo), mocheso o lokela ho bolokoa ho 15-18.оC le mongobo o lekanyelitsoeng 90-95%. Sena se thusa ho folisa ka potlako ha likotsi ho li-tubers. Bophahamo ba tuber tuber bo itšetlehile ka mofuta oa polokelo le hore na e na le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa moea le tsamaiso ea boemo ba leholimo.
Kamora ho phethoa ha nako ea kalafo, mocheso oa boima ba litapole o fokotseha butle butle, empa eseng ho feta 0,5-1.оC ka letsatsi bakeng sa nako ea matsatsi a 26 ho isa ho a 30, 'me e bolokiloe nakong ea polokelo ea mantlha nakong ea 2-5.оC, ho fapana ka mokhoa o itseng ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa likokoana-hloko tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng.
Maemo a nepahetseng a polokelo a netefatsoa ka moea oa moea, ho pholile ka moea o ka ntle kapa motsoako oa oona le moea oa polokelo. Maemong 'ohle, moea o fanoeng o tlameha ho ba le mocheso o motle. Nakong ea selemo, mokhoa o nepahetseng o bolokoa ke moea oa moea bosiu le hoseng ka nako e telele ho feta mariha.
Mocheso oa moea kapa motsoako oa moea o fanoang mokotleng oa litapole e lokela ho ba o motle, empa o fokotsehe ho feta mocheso oa boima ba litapole ka 2-5.оC. Mocheso oa polokelo sebakeng sa polokelo o lokela ho lekana kapa o phahame ho feta mocheso oa tutulu ea litapole, empa eseng ho feta 1.оC.
Ho boloka maemo a mocheso le mongobo ho finyelloa ka ho kenya moea ka har'a tutulu ea litapole makhetlo a 2-3 ka beke bakeng sa metsotso e 30.
Boikoetliso bo bontšitse hore mokhoa o khothalletsoang oa ho boloka litapole o ka fokotsa haholo nts'etsopele ea ho bola ha tuber le ho fokotsa haholo tahlehelo ea polokelo.
Ho kha litapole nakong ea mariha ha ho ratehe, kaha ho ka kenya letsoho ho ts'oaetso ea li-tubers ka bola e omileng, ka lebaka leo, ho eketsa ho teba ha lefu lena. Li-tuber tse anngoeng ke ho bola ho omileng li tlameha ho bokelloa le ho ntšoa ho tloha mokatong o ka holimo oa mokoloko. Mekotla e fumanoeng ea bola e metsi le eona e tlameha ho tlosoa ka hloko hammoho le lera le haufi la li-tubers tse phetseng hantle.
Litapole li hlophisoa ka ho feletseng haeba ho feta 10% ea li-tubers li angoa ke mafu a fungal le baktheria.