Ho tsoa makasineng: No. 1 2016
Sehlopha: Sebaka
LIHELE. Andrianov, D.A. Andrianov,
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Bashkir State Agrarian University
Sebaka sa Rephabliki ea Belarus: Lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 1432
Baahi: Batho ba 4, bao 071% ea bona e leng baahi ba litoropo.
Boemo ba sebaka: Rephaboliki e lutse matsoapong a bophirima a Urals Boroa le Cis-Urals.
Boemo ba leholimo K'honthinenteng, e nang le lehlabula le futhumetseng, le futhumetseng le mariha a batang. Boemo ba leholimo bo fetoha hangata ka lebaka la boemo ba sebaka seo pakeng tsa maholiotsoana a tsoang libakeng tse futhumetseng, Atlantic, Arctic le Siberia.
Karolelano ea mocheso oa Pherekhong: -18°, karolelano ea mocheso oa Phupu: +18°. Empa lipalo tsena li ka fapana bakeng sa libaka tse fapaneng: matsoapo a Urals, a otlolohileng ho tloha leboea ho ea boroa, a baka phapang e kholo maemong a leholimo matsoapong a bophirima le bochabela. Karolelano ea lithempereichara tsa selemo e fokotseha ho tloha bophirima ho ea bochabela. Phetoho e tsitsitseng ho ea ho mocheso o ka holimo ho zero e etsahala matsatsing a pele a leshome a Mmesa, le ho ea ho mocheso o ka tlase ho lefela matsatsing a boraro a Mphalane. Nako ea sekoahelo sa lehloa ke matsatsi a 155 (libakeng tsa meru-steppe le steppe), matsatsi a 175 (libakeng tsa meru ea lithaba).
Bashkortostan e na le metsi a mangata a holim'a metsi. Ho na le linōka tse ka bang likete tse 13 le matša a fetang sekete (ho kenyeletsoa le matamo) rephabliking.
Liphallelo: tse fapa-fapaneng haholo, tse amanang le sebaka sa sebaka, sebopeho sa jeoloji le tectonic sa sebaka seo. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea sebaka seo ke lithota le lithota (tse loketseng temo ka ho fetisisa); ho na le maralla, lithota, mokoloko oa lithaba le lithota.
Mobu: 32% ea sebaka sohle se tšoaretsoe ke mobu oa chernozem, 28% ke mobu o mosoeu oa meru, 25,1% ke mobu oa lithaba. Ntle le moo, ho na le libaka tsa sod-podzolic (karolo e ka leboea ea rephabliki), sod-carbonate (Ufa Plateau le sebaka se ka leboea-bochabela sa meru-steppe), mobu oa hydromorphic le meadow-chernozem. Ka boroa ho Cis-Urals le Trans-Urals, libaka tsa kabo ea solonetzes, solonchaks le solonchak mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea chernozems le meadow meadow li tsejoa.
Sebaka sa temo: hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse limilione tse 8, tseo ho tsona lihekthere tse ka bang limilione tse 5 e leng masimo a lengoang
Litapole tse ntseng li hōla Rephabliking ea Bashkortostan. Sethala sa kajeno
Litapole ke e 'ngoe ea lijalo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Rephabliking ea Bashkortostan. Lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng, tšebeliso ea "bohobe ba bobeli" (ho fihlela ho 180 kg / motho) le tlhahiso (ho fihlela ho 270 kg / motho) e eketsehile rephabliking. Hajoale, mapolasing a mefuta eohle ea beng, sebaka sa ho jala litapole ke lihekthere tse likete tse 93,5.
Mapolasi a pele a khoebo a Rephabliki ea Bashkortostan a na le boiphihlelo ba ho fumana chai e ngata ea litapole libakeng tse kholo. Lethathamong la mapolasi a 100 a molemo ka ho fetisisa a khoebo ho Russia Federation bakeng sa 2005 - 2008. sebakeng sa bo46 ke SPK KLH e reheletsoeng ka eona. Salavat Meleuzovsky seterekeng, sebakeng sa bo74 - State Unitary Enterprise bakeng sa polokelo ea nakoana "Dmitrievsky", sebakeng sa bo96 - State Unitary Enterprise bakeng sa polokelo ea nakoana "Alekseevsky" le sebakeng sa 100 - Siberia Agricultural Farm-Collective Farm e reheletsoeng ka eona. Salavat, seterekeng sa Sterlitamak. Kahoo, ka AKH im. Salavat, seterekeng sa Meleuzovsky, sebakeng sa lihekthere tse 330, chai e tloaelehileng ea selemo ke 35 t/ha. Polasing ea mmuso ea Alekseevsky sebakeng sa Ufa, sebaka sa lihekthere tse 100 se hlahisa li-tubers tse rekisoang ka 32-42 t/ha. SEC "Letsatsi" seterekeng sa Ilishevsky, sebakeng sa lihekthere tse fetang 300, se bokella li-tubers tse rekisoang ka 16 - 25 t / ha. Polasi ea naha ea Shemyak, e sebakeng sa lihekthere tse fetang 600, e hlahisa 12-16 t/ha ea li-tubers tse rekisoang. Polasi ea balemi "Agli" ea setereke sa Chishminsky sebakeng sa lihekthere tse 400 e fumana lihlahisoa tsa litapole tsa 30 - 42 t/ha ka lilemo tse ngata.
Leha ho le joalo, ka kakaretso, boemo ba tlhahiso ea litapole Rephabliking ea Belarus bo tlaase haholo. Sena se bakoa ke mabaka a latelang. 1. Khaello ea mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea peo ea litapole le karolo e tlase ea mefuta e butsoang pele ho nako, ho kenyeletsoa ho ba sieo ho felletseng ha mefuta ea sejoale-joale ea lapeng e butsoitseng pele le ea bohareng ba pele ho lijalo. Lintho tse teng tsa ho jala li bolokoa sebakeng se sa lokelang haeba tsamaiso ea polokelo e sa lateloe. Bakeng sa ho lema, lisebelisoa tsa ho jala ha li tlas'a tokisetso ea saense. 2. Litlolo tse kholo tsa taeo ea theknoloji nakong ea temo ea eona. 3. Hangata ho na le khaello ea phetoho e khethehileng ea lijalo. 4. Ho ba teng ha puso ea metsi e sa laoleheng masimong. 5. Tšebeliso e sa utloahaleng ea manyolo a fumanehang a liminerale le a manyolo. 6. Ho hloleha ho ikamahanya le matsatsi a nepahetseng a ho lema ka bongata bo sa lekaneng. Tšebeliso ea morero oa ho jala o sa utloahaleng o nang le botebo bo sa lekaneng ba ho jala tuber. 7. Tlōlo ea tlhokahalo ea boemo bo hlephileng le bo se nang lehola ba mobu o lenngoeng - ka mela le lipakeng tsa mela nakong ea tlhokomelo ea ho lema. 8. Ho hloka mokhoa oa ho sireletsa limela tsa litapole ho mafu. 9. Lintlha tsa boemo ba leholimo, maemo a leholimo a mabe nakong ea ho hōla. 10. Ho hloka mochine o rarahaneng oa mechine e khethehileng ea morao-rao, lisebelisoa tsa ho lema litapole le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo. 11. Mabaka a mokhatlo ka lebaka la khaello ea tlhophiso e nepahetseng ea mosebetsi nakong ea temo le tsebo e fokolang ea setso sa litapole tsa pele le tsa theknoloji ke baetsi. 12. Ho se itokisetse ha mapolasi (moruong, ka botekgeniki le ka tlhophiso) bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng haholo le e sebetsang hantle, leha a se a qala ho bontša thahasello ho litapole tsa peo ea mantlha. 13. Ho haella ha mokhoa oa ho tsebisa baahi ka mefuta e mecha le litšobotsi tsa bona, ho haella ha libaka tsa ho rekisa litapole tsa motheo tsa peo ka bongata bo fokolang ka liphutheloana tse nyenyane tse loketseng. 14. Ho hloka lipalo-palo mabapi le tlhahiso ea litapole tsa pele. 15. Khaello ea mokhoa oa ho koetlisa basebetsi maemong ohle bakeng sa komporo ea lihlahisoa tsa litapole. 16. Ho haella ha li-agrometeoposts masimong a liteko.
Hajoale, tlhahiso ea litapole Rephaboliking ea Belarus e tsepamisitsoe likarolong tsa batho ka bomong le tse nyane (95-97% ea sebaka sohle sa ho lema), ke hore, litapole e se e le lijalo tsa jareteng feela.
Mapolasing a maholo a khoebo e lengoa feela sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 3,0 le mapolasing a batho ba futsanehileng (lihoai) sebakeng sa lihekthere tse likete tse 1,0. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho na le mokhoa o hlakileng o bonahalang o lebisa tlhokomelong ea tlhahiso ea litapole. Literekeng tse robeli tsa Rephabliki ea Belarus (ho 54) - Aurgazinsky, Iglinsky, Ilishevsky, Meleuzovsky, Sterlitamaksky, Tuymazinsky, Ufa le Chishminsky - karolo e fetang halofo (60%) ea sebaka sa ho lema e tsepamisitsoe mapolasing a khoebo, 76,6% ea litapole li hlahisoa, 'me lihlahisoa li ka holimo ho karolelano ea naha lilemong tse tšeletseng tse fetileng ka 144 ... 211%.
Sena se totobala le ho feta mapolasing a batho ba fokolang. Literekeng tse hlano - Beloretsky, Iglinsky, Meleuzovsky, Ufa le Chishminsky - 57,4% ea sebaka se kotuloang tlas'a litapole le 59,8% ea kotulo ea sebele ea tuber e tsepamisitsoe, 'me chai e phahame ho feta karolelano ea Rephabliki ea Belarus ka 128,7 - 440,7 % lilemong tse tšeletseng tse fetileng. Lilemong tse supileng tse fetileng, lihlahisoa tsa litapole mapolasing a khoebo le a balemi a phahame ho feta mapolasing a ikemetseng.
Ntle le ho fana ka lipatlisiso tsa mahlale mabapi le thuto ea baeloji ea litapole le nts'etsopele le ts'ebetsong ea mahlale a macha a matla le ho boloka mehloli ea temo ka ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlokahalang, ntle le litsebi tse tšoanelehang (ho tloha ho basebetsi ba mochini ho ea ho batsamaisi le lihlooho tsa likhoebo), sete e felletseng ea mechini le lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tse lemang litapole, ntle le ts'ehetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e potlakileng le ea boleng bo holimo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho qothisana lehlokoa le lik'hamphani tse etellang pele libakeng tsa Russia Federation le lik'hamphani tsa kantle ho naha haufinyane.
Litakatso tsa tsoelo-pele
Ka maikutlo a rona, molemong oa ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea litapole molemong oa indasteri, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba litapole tsa tafole le lihlahisoa tsa litapole, ho eketsa thekiso le phaello ea lijalo Bashkortostan, hoa hlokahala ho theha Setsi sa Litapole, se kopanyang mefuta e fapaneng e teng. le meaho e mecha hore e be motsoako o le mong.
Hoa hlokahala ho nts'etsapele, ho amohela le ho sebelisa lenaneo la sepheo sa nako e telele bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso, polokelo, ts'ebetso le thekiso ea litapole Rephaboliking ea Belarus bakeng sa 2016-2020.
Ka har'a moralo oa Setsi sa Litapole le lenaneo la nts'etsopele e ncha ea ho lema litapole, theha Sehlopha sa Litapole sa Rephabliki ea Belarus.
Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea boemo ba hajoale ba tlhahiso ea litapole Rephaboliking ea Belarus, libaka tse tlang pele bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ho lema litapole Rephaboliking li kenyelletsa:
- nts'etsopele le ntlafatso ea lipatlisiso tsa mahlale mabapi le setso sa litapole ho tloha ho baeloji ea eona ho isa thekisong ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela;
– ho eketsa chai e tlwaelehileng mapolasing a kgwebo le a balemi ho fihla ho 30 t/ha;
- phetisetso ea butle-butle ea likhoebo tse lemang litapole ho ea ho mahlale a morao-rao a mochini bakeng sa tlhahiso, polokelo le ts'ebetso;
- ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka yuniti ka 'ngoe ea tlhahiso le ho netefatsa tšebeliso ea thepa le lichelete tse bolokang moruo le tikoloho;
- ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho sebelisa bokhoni ba mefuta ea lijalo tsa lapeng;
- nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tsa sejoale-joale tsa tlhahiso ea peo le melaoana e mecha ea theknoloji bakeng sa tlhahiso ea litapole tsa peo tsa pele, tse phahameng le tse ngata;
- kenyelletso le ho latela ka tieo leano le laoloang la setifikeiti sa litapole ho latela melao ea sejoale-joale ea Russia Federation le Rephabliki ea Belarus le GOSTs;
- ho theha meaho ea 'maraka oa peo (ho kenyeletsoa le masimo a poraefete), lijo le litapole tsa indasteri;
Ka hona, nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea ho lema litapole naheng ea Russia le Belarus e ke ke ea khonahala ntle le ho ntlafatsa mahlale a lapeng, ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, katleho ho fisiology ea limela, biotechnology, ho ikatisa le tlhahiso ea peo.*, Phytopathology, entomology le tshireletso ya dimela le tlhahiso ya dijalo, mmoho le kgodiso e potlakileng ya dithekenoloji tsa temo tse sebetsang hantle haholo tshebetsong ya temo.
Maemo a mantlha a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kenyelletsa le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a ho lema litapole ke a latelang:
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- boteng ba mahlale a temo ea litapole a bonahetseng a sebetsa moruong le tikolohong;
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- tšehetso ea mmuso bakeng sa likhoebo tsa temo ho tseba mekhoa e mecha ea temo ea litapole;
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- tsamaiso ea tlhahisoleseling boemong ba mmuso le masepala mabapi le tloaelo ea ho theha mahlale a macha a temo ea litapole le phello ea moruo e fumanoeng ho sena.
*Sebakeng sa Ural le Rephabliki ea Bashkortostan ka 2015, mefuta e latelang e kenyelelitsoe ho Ngoliso ea Naha ea Russia Federation 'me e lumelloa ho sebelisoa: mefuta e meng ea pele ea pele - Meteor, Charoit; ho butsoa pele - Alena, Antonina, Bashkirsky, Bellarosa, White Spring, Vineta, Zhukovsky pele, Kamensky, Moetapele, Lyubava, Rosara, Skoroplodny, Bullfinch (mefuta ea lirapa); bohareng ba pele - Bezhitsky, Gornyk, Korona, Labadia, Lina, Lukyanovsky , Nevsky, Oredezhsky, Ramos, Sante, Safo, Svitanok Kievsky, September (mofuta oa serapa), Tale ea Fairy, Madam, Evolution, Excellence, Effect; bohareng ba nako - Aspiya, Burnovsky, Irbitsky, Lugovskoy, Kuzovok, Nadezhda, Nayada (mefuta e fapaneng ea serapa), Skarb, Spiridon, Tarasov, Udalets; bohareng ba morao - Belousovsky, Lorkh, Nikulinsky.