Boloetse ba morao-rao kapa lefu la litapole le hlahile mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-40 tsa lekholo la bo1844 la lilemo. E ile ea ngolisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 40. Historing ea lefu la seoa la morao-rao, ho bile le maqhubu a mabeli a ho falla ho tloha Mexico ho ea libakeng tse ling. Ea pele, lekholong la leshome le metso e robong la lilemo. - ena ke kenyelletso e sa lebelloang ea mofuta o le mong (kapa mefuta e mengata) e bakileng mafu a seoa a 80s Europe. Leqhubu la bobeli le qalile lilemong tsa bo-XNUMX.
Liphula tse lithabeng tsa Mexico li nkoa e le sebaka sa tsoalo ea litapole tsa phytophthora, moo mefuta e mengata ea nightshade e hlaha (ho kenyeletsoa le e etsang li-tuber).
Ka kakaretso, thuto ea baeloji ea fungal Li-infestans tsa Phytophthora ( Mont.) de Bary e qalile qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Naheng ea Russia, baprofesa S. I. Rostovtsev le L. I. Kursanov ba bile har'a ba pele ba ileng ba kenya letsoho thutong ea fungus ena. Ea pele o ile a ngola monograph e kholo ka hlobo ea downy le likokoana-hloko tsa tsona - li-fungus tsa peronospore. Har'a bona, o ile a nahana P. Mokhachane.
Liphetoho tse tebileng ho baeloji ea pathogen e etsahetseng qetellong ea lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo li lebisitse ho eketseheng ha polasetiki ea eona ea tikoloho, ho ikamahanya le maemo le thepa e mabifi. "Ncha" baahi P. masea e kenyelletsa mefuta e 'meli ea likamano tsa thobalano - A1 le A2. Pejana, mofuta oa A2 o ne o fumanoa feela Central Mexico, e nkoang e le setsi sa tšimoloho P. masea. Baahi "ba bacha" ba ile ba fumana matla a ho ikatisa ka thobalano. Ka lebaka leo, lebelo la recombination le ile la eketseha P. masea, 'me ho ile ha khoneha ho theha li-spores tse phomolang ka thobalano - li-oospores, tse khonang ho feta mobung holim'a litšila tsa limela. Palo ea baahi ba kajeno e fapane le ea "khale" ka mefuta-futa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e phahameng 'me e emetsoe haholo-holo ke merabe e rarahaneng.
Li-tubers tse tšoaelitsoeng ke phytophthora li phela nako e khuts'oane mariha; ho bola ho omileng ho hlaha kapele ho li-tubers tse joalo, 'me ho bola ha phytophthora ha ho bonahale. Mohloli o moholo oa phytophthora ke li-tubers tse nang le tšoaetso tse sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tsa ho jala le li-tubers tse kulang tšimong ka mor'a kotulo.
Lethathamo la mehloli e sebelisitsoeng:
1. Antonenko V. V. Ntšetso-pele ea lefu la morao-rao le ho senya pele ho litapole le tamati sebakeng sa Moscow nakong ea boemo ba leholimo bo sa tloaelehang / A. Zolfagari, V. V. Antonenko, D. V. Zaitsev, A. A. Ignatenkova, A. G. Mamonov, RV Penkin, A. Yu. Poshtarenko, AN Smirnov // Tshireletso ya Semela le Karantine. - 2011. - No. 12. - S. 40-42.
2. Belov G. L., Derevyagina M. K., Zeyruk V. N., Vasilyeva S. V. Tlhahlobo ea phytopathological ea mefuta ea litapole maemong a sebaka sa Moscow // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2021. Nomoro 05 (208). leqepheng la 8-21.
3. Zakutnova V.I., Pilipenko N.V., Zakutnova E.B. Nalane ea thuto ea phytophthora ea sebaka se koalehileng ts'ebetsong ea lefats'e le Russia // Astrakhan Bulletin of Ecological Education. 2013. Nomoro ea 2 (24). leqepheng la 137-141.
4. Zoteeva N. M. Ho hanana le mefuta ea litapole tse hlaha ho ea morao-rao maemong a masimong a North-West of the Russian Federation // E sebetsa holima botany, liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho ikatisa. - 2019. - T. 180. No. 4. - S. 159-169.
5. Prokhorova O.A. Mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho lekola khanyetso ea masimo ho blight ea morao nakong ea khetho ea litapole / I.M. Yashina, O.A. Prokhorova // Boemo ba hajoale le litebello tsa nts'etsopele ea ho hola litapole: Ts'ebetso ea seboka sa IV sa saense le se sebetsang. - Cheboksary: KUP ChR "Agro-Innovations", - 2012. - P. 24-28.
6. Dyakov Yu.T., Derevjagina MK // Pono ea Chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. 2000.V.11. P.230-232.